| We have investigated the butterflies of Qilian County in 2016-2018,from May to August.A total of 1869 butterflies were recorded,61 species,belonging to 7families and 40 bends,were classified and studied.Among them,the Colias montium is the dominant specie,while the Pieridae and Nymphalidae are the dominant species in this region.Three new record of butterflies were founded in qinghai province,respectively Pieris chumbiensis,Issoria lathonia,Lycaena phlaeas.Through the fauna analysis of butterfly species,there were 21 Palaearctic species,34 Palaearctic and Oriental species,6 Widespread species.From the perspective of zoogeographical division in China,the butterfly species in Qilian county are mainly Shared by multiple regions and few butterfly species are in a single region.There are only two endemic species in qinghai-tibet region.It is related to the fact that the Qilian county is located in the northeast edge of qinghai-tibet region and adjacent to mongolia-Xinjiang region.The distribution of butterfly is affected by factors such as month,habitat,and altitude.From the comparison of butterflies in different months,the Pieridae and Nymphalidae accounted for a large proportion in all months,and the fluctuation of the proportion was small.The dominant species of butterflies is differed in different months.The diversity index,evenness index and richness index of the butterfly community structure showed a process of increasing first and then decreasing,which reached the maximum value in July,and the dominance index showed the opposite trend.The similarity coefficient of butterflies in June and July,July and August was higher than that in other months,and the similarity coefficient of butterflies in May and July was the lowest.The species and quantities of butterflies in different habitats are different.Among them,the number of butterfly species in steppe habitat is the largest which accounting to 59.02%,followed by alluvial flat,cultivated land,alpine shrub meadow,forest.In terms of quantities,cultivated land,alpine shrub meadows,alluvial flat,steppe,and forests are reduced successively.The diversity index of butterflies from high to low is steppe> alpine shrub meadow> alluvial flat> cultivated land> forest;the evenness index from high to low is alpine shrub meadow> steppe> alluvial flat> forest> cultivated land;the order of the dominance index from high to low is forest> steppe> cultivated land> alluvial flat> alpine shrub meadow;the richness index from high to low is steppe> alluvial flat> cultivated land> alpine shrub meadow> forest.On the altitude gradient,the distribution of butterfly has vertical zonality,the species and number of butterflies showed a trend of first rising and then falling,meanwhile the distribution rule is basically consistent with the vegetation distribution.It is classified into zone I(mountain forest),zone II(alpine shrub),zone III(alpine meadow),and zone IV(alpine rubble slope).The distribution area of different butterfly family has the following characteristics: Parnassiidae,Pieridae,Satyridae and Nymphalidae are distributed in all four regions.Lycaenidae are only distributed in zone Ⅱ.Different species of butterflies also have different distribution as follow,there are 8 species of butterflies occupying 4 distribution zones,9 species of butterflies occupying 3 distribution zones,5 species of butterflies occupying 2 distribution zones,and 9 species of butterflies occupying 1 distribution zone.According to investigation data in 3 years,the Pieridae and Nymphalidae accounted for 80% or more of the total number of the Qilian butterflies in different years.Compared with the data from 1997 to 1999,the number of butterfly species increased slightly and the richness index also increased,indicating that the butterfly species in Qilian county presented a benign development trend,which was related to the ecological environment protection and the sustainable and healthy development of habitat. |
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