Genetic Variation Of MHC-DRB In Three Species Of Martes

As a selective molecular marker,the Major Histocompatibility Complex(MHC)can reflect the adaptation of species to the environment during evolution.At present,only preliminary study in 33 mainland populations and island populations of the Martes zibellina MHC-DRB,lack of a comprehensive study of subspecies and Martes foina,Martes martes MHC gene.Using PCR and clone to detect and analyze the polymorphisms of eight subspecies of M zibellina and.foina?martes MHC-DRB alleles to understand the adaptive genetic variation of three species of Martes.Comprehensive analysis of adaptive genetic variation combinated with published MHC-DRB genes in other animals of the Mustelidae.The main findings are as follows:1 35(26 effective alleles and 9 pseudogene sequences deleting 1 bp)DRB alleles(241-242 bp)were detected from 104 M zibellina,which were named as Mazi-DRB*01?Mazi-DRB*35;14(11 effective alleles and 3 pseudogene sequences deleting 1 bp)DRB alleles(241-242 bp)were detected from 17 Martes,which were named as Mama-DRB*01?Mama-DRB*14;6(3 effective alleles and 3 pseudogene sequences deleting 1 bp)DRB alleles(241-242 bp)were detected from 10.foina,which were named as Mafo-DRB*01?Mafo-DRB*06.2 The genetic diversity of Meles meles were higher than the other three species in Meles;The genetic diversity of Mustela nivalis were higher than the other three species in Mustela;The genetic diversity of the genus Enhygra was higher than most species of the Martes,Meles,and Mustela.The genetic diversity of genus Gulo was lower than most species of the Martes,Meles,and Mustela.The genetic diversity of the three species of Martes were very close;The genetic diversity of the eight subspecies in M.zibellina was similar,and the island populations was higher than the mainland populations.3 The non-synonymous rate of the antigen binding site in DRB gene of three species in Martes was higher than the synonymous mutation rate(dN/dS>1),which was positively selected,the ratio of dN/dS of the non-antigen binding-site of M zibellina is less than 1,the ratio of dN/dS in all sites or non-antigen binding sites of M foina and.martes is less than 1.The positive selection and purification selection during the evolution process maintain the MHC gene polymorphism of the three species in Martes.4 Trans-species evolution were found in the DRB gene of three species in Martes,four species in Meles,four species in Mustela and three genus.5 The balanced selection maintain the MHC gene poly morphism of the three species in Martes.