Study On Spatial Coexistence Relationship And Environmental Drive Of Mammal Species At Microhabitat Scale

In order to explore the mechanism of species coexistence in biomes,this study selected Jilin Hunchun Northeast Tiger National Nature Reserve,Jilin Wangqing National Nature Reserve,Heilongjiang Suiyang Forestry Bureau,Heilongjiang Fenghuangshan National Nature Reserve,Heilongjiang Shengshan National Nature Reserve and Neimenggu Daxinganling Khan National Nature Reserve as research areas.This study used local mammalian groups as the research object and used Camera-Trap for continuous monitoring for one year.The two-species single season model in the Occupancy Model was used to analyze the inter-species spatial coexistence of mammalian groups in the same region based on automatic camera monitoring data.The species interaction factor(SIF)obtained by the Occupancy Model can be combined with habitat data to explore the environmental drivers affecting the spatial coexistence of species in the cold and warm seasons of mammals through the Generalized Additive Mixed Model(GAMM).The research results are as follows:1)The results of the two-species single season model showed that due to the spatial heterogeneity of animal habitats in different regions,the spatial coexistence relationship of mammals in different regions was significantly changed.In the Hunchun Nature Reserve,under the predator relationship,10 species in the cold season have weak interaction intensity,6 species have strong interaction intensity,11 species in the warm season have weak interaction intensity,and 5 species have strong interaction intensity;in the cold season between carnivores,8 species had weak interaction intensity,3 species had strong interaction intensity,4 species in warm season had weak interaction intensity,and 7 species had strong interaction intensity;the interactions of 4 species of herbivores in the cold season were weak,and the interaction intensity of 5 species was strong,in the warm season,the interaction intensity of 4 species was weak,and the interaction of 5 species was strong.In the Wangqing Nature Reserve,under the predation relationship,5 species in the cold season had weak interaction intensity,and 2 species had strong interaction intensity,4 species in the warm season had weak interaction intensity,and 3 species had strong interaction intensity,in the cold season between carnivores,1 species had weak interaction intensity,2 species had strong interaction intensity,and 2 species in the warm season had weak interaction intensity,and 1 species had strong interaction intensity;the spatial distribution of species in herbivores in the cold and warm season changes,but the interaction intensity are weak.In the Suiyang Forestry Bureau,under the predator relationship,the spatial distribution of species in the cold and warm season changes,but the interaction intensity is weak;in the cold season of herbivores,the interaction intensity of 4 species was weak,and the interaction intensity of 2 species was strong,in the warm season,the interaction intensity of 5 species was weak,and the interaction intensity of 1 species was strong.In the Fenghuangshan Nature Reserve,under the predator relationship,4 species had weak interaction intensity in the cold season,and 4 species had strong interaction intensity,7 species in the warm season had weak interaction intensity and 1 species had strong interaction intensity;in the cold season between carnivores,the interaction intensity of 4 species was weak,the interaction intensity of 2 species was strong,and the interaction intensity of 4 species in the warm season was weak,and the interaction intensity of 2 species was strong,the species in the cold season of herbivores have weak interaction intensity,and the warm season species have strong interaction intensity.In the Shengshan Nature Reserve,the species in the cold season under the predation relationship have weak interaction intensity,and 1 species in the warm season has weak interaction intensity,and 1 species has strong interaction intensity;in the cold season,the species of herbivores have weak interaction intensity,and the species in the warm season have strong interaction strength.In the Hanma Nature Reserve,under the predation relationship,7 species in the cold season had weak interaction intensity,4 species had strong interaction intensity,6 species in the warm season had weak interaction intensity,and 5 species had strong interaction intensity;among the carnivores,the interaction intensity of 4 species in the cold season was weak,1 species had strong interaction intensity,and the species in the warm season had weak interaction intensity;in the cold season,2 species of the herbivores had weak interaction intensity,and 1 species had strong interaction intensity,the species in the warm season had weak interaction intensity.2)Considering the combination of the results of the spatial coexistence model of common herbivore species in various regions,considering the impact of the top predator Amur tiger in the Northeast,the interaction intensity of the herbivore species pairs in the areas without the activities of the Northeast Tigers showed a trend of warmer seasons compared with the cold season.3)In the Hunchun Conservation Area,there was no significant correlation between the body weight ratio and spatial coexistence of mammals in other situations,only the herbivore decreased gradually with the increase of body weight ratio in the cold season(R2-0.5561),indicating that the herbivores with similar body weight in the cold season tend to separate in space and the intensity of interaction decreased.4)The results of the GAMM model show that in the predator relationship,the distance from the human village increases in the cold season,and the intensity of interaction increases.The SIF value between species pairs in the warm season decreases with the weight and the precipitation decreases.The species tend to separate in spatial distribution and the interaction intensity is weak.In the competitive relationship,the carnivores in the warm season are close to the weight and the NDVI is worth increasing,and the interaction intensity is strong;in the warm season,the SIF value of the herbivores decreases with the increase of the maximum temperature,and the competition intensity decreases.