Biophotonic Transmission And Artificial Photon Quantum Retina Modeling

Background: Retina is the first station of visual information collection and processing.It has obvious hierarchical structures and information transmission pathways via double-level synaptic connections from the photoreceptor cells to the bipolar cells,then to the ganglion cells.Traditional theory holds that the information transmission of retina is realized by bioelectrical signals generated by the conversion of the response of photoreceptor cells to external light,and then the integrated retinal bioelectrical signals(action potential)are formed by alternate transformation of bioelectrical transmission and chemical synaptic transmission,and finally transmitted to the higher visual center through the optic nerve--the convergent central projection fibers of retinal ganglion cells.Recent studies have shown that biophotons may play an important role in the transmission of information in the retina,involving the "photon quantum brain” mechanism,suggesting that photons may serve as retinal information transmission signals.In this study,we first observed whether the retinal neural pathways can achieve direct photon information transmission.Then,we established an “artificial quantum retina model” to simulate the photon information transmission and processing mechanism of the retina,and tried to establish a simulation algorithm for visual information processing.Materials and methods: Bullfrog “retina-sclera-optic nerve” specimens were prepared,and the optic nerve surface of the specimens was real-timely imaged by ultraweak biophoton imaging system(UBIS).The retina was stimulated by white light at different intensities and frequencies,and the image information was extracted and analyzed by image analysis software.An "artificial quantum retina” model was constructed using plastic optical fibers based on the structural characteristics of two-level synaptic connection pathways between the photoreceptor cells,the bipolar cells and ganglion cells.A new "algorithm model" is needed to be established by analyzing the handwritten image set of digits 0-9 by the simulating “perception” of "theoretical retina" and direct "perception" of "artificial quantum retina",and then evaluating whether the constructed "artificial quantum retina" can predictively "recognize" the handwritten image of the digits 0-9.The results: Stimulation of retina of bullfrog “retina-sclera-optic nerve” specimen with white light at different intensities and frequencies resulted in significant increased radiation of biophotons in the optic nerve stump area,while the inactivated optic nerve stump area remained unchanged,suggesting that the light stimulation of the bullfrog retina causes biophotonic signals to pass through the retinal neural pathways and eventually reach the optic nerve.Based on the results of "theoretical retina" simulating "perception" and the analysis of the "algorithm model" constructed,it is suggested that the constructed "artificial quantum retina" may be able to directly "perceive and recognize" the handwritten image of the number 0-9,but the research work needs to be further completed,analyzed and verified.These findings suggest that biophotons may play an important role in the retinal signal transmission,and the artificial quantum retina constructed from such findings may provide new ideas and methods for the development of the new artificial intelligence(AI)vision systems.