| Oil spills and industrial oily wastewater seriously pollute the ecological environment and endanger human health.Therefore,it is urgent to develop an efficient oil absorption technology to clean up the surface oil spill.Among various oil spill treatment technologies,the adsorption method is an ideal oil spill treatment strategy because it is simple in operation and can completely remove the oil on the surface without any other impact on the environment.Graphene is a two-dimensional carbon material with a large specific surface area and strong adsorption capacity,which is an ideal choice for the preparation of oil-absorbing materials.Based on the graphene oxide?GO?with excellent adsorption properties,three graphene-based composites were prepared in this paper:polyurethane-graphene aerogel?PU-GA?,polyimide-graphene aerogel?PI-GA?and carbon fiber-graphene aerogel?CF-GA?,which were used for cleaning and recovery of oil spills.SEM,FT-IR,XRD,XPS,TG,Raman,water contact angle,stress-strain and adsorption performance tests were used to gain the structure of different graphene-based adsorbent materials and to analyze their hydrophobic properties,mechanical properties and adsorption properties.Meanwhile,the correlation between structure and properties of adsorbent materials was established.This study would broaden the research ideas of high performance graphene-based oil spill adsorption materials.The specific research contents and main conclusions are as follows:?1?The PU-GA adsorption materials were prepared by hydrothermal method.The effect of the impregnation-reduction times on the loading of graphene in PU-GA materials was studied.The results showed that the optimal treatment times were 14.PU-GA has excellent hydrophobicity?WCA value was 125°?and absorption capacity of oil?adsorption amount of oil was 14-16 g/g?.In addition,the material has excellent compressibility.Moreover,the reuse of PU-GA and oil recovery by mechanical extrusion?recovery rate was 92.7%?can be achieved.?2?PI-GA material was prepared via one-step thermal reduction to realize the imidization of PAA and the reduction process of GO by using polyamic acid?PAA?and GO as precursors.PI-GA possessed a porous,low-density(5 mg cm-3)structural feature with excellent hydrophobicity?WCA value of 136°?and absorption capacity of oil?adsorption of oil to 23-37 g/g?.Meanwhile,the material exhibited good mechanical properties.The structure and adsorption amount of PI-GA did not change significantly during ten adsorption-extrusion cycles which meaned the PI-GA had excellent recyclability.?3?The low-cost and eco-friendly CF-GA was prepared by using GO and natural bamboo fiber as precursors follows by a high-temperature carbonization process.Compared with PU-GA and PI-GA,CF-GA showed better hydrophobicity?WCA value was 142°?and higher oil absorption capacity?adsorption capacity for oil was 122-138 g/g?.Meanwhile,a strong interaction between bamboo fiber and graphene was existed in this material,which induced an excellent mechanical properties for it.The reuse of CF-GA material and the recovery of oil?recovery rate 81.2%-88.0%?can be achieved by simple mechanical extrusion.In addition,CF-GA was not oil soluble and would not cause secondary pollution to the environment.?4?Based on the research of the existing oil collecting device,this study designed and manufactured a CF-GA based oil collecting device,which not only significantly reduces the amount of adsorbent material,but also requires no additional manual operation after opening the pump.Continuously collecting surface oil spills saves time and labor costs while achieving efficient oil recovery.In addition,the oil collecting device has high selectivity to oil spills on the surface.Aiming at the large-scale marine oil spill problem,this paper designs a spill recovery strategy based on the oil collection device,which not only has important practical application value,but also has guiding significance for the subsequent oil collection device research. |
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