Effects Of Temperature Change And Land Use Type On Diversity And Structure Of AMF Communities

Climate change has changed the status of hydrothermal resources,leading to significant changes in the composition and structure of the biome,and thus has a profound impact on the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems.Climate is a reflection of the major external natural drivers of change in ecosystems,while change in land use type is a reflection of the direct impact of human activities on ecosystems.Climate change usually includes temperature change.The influence of temperature and land use type changes on ecosystem structure,function and stability has become an important research field of Ecology,and the change of biodiversity is the foundation and core of this research field.Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)is one of the important soil microbes widely distributed in terrestrial ecosystems,capable to form a mutually beneficial symbiosis with more than 80% of terrestrial plants.AMF community composition and diversity has an important role in the maintenance of ecosystem function and stability.In higher latitudes,the response of AMF diversity to climate and land use type changes is unclear,and the interaction between climate and land use type changes the impact of AMF diversity is not explored.This study aims to reveal the influence and pathway of the AMF community composition and diversity in higher latitudes,temperature change,land use type change and interaction between the two.In this experiment,a two-factor completely randomized design was used to compare the change characteristics of soil physical and chemical properties of different samples by using 45 homologous soil columns(1×1 m)distributed in the three northeast provinces in China for 8 years.The effects of land use types on soil physical and chemical properties were determined,the response of AMF community composition and diversity to temperature change and land use type was analyzed,and the effects of climate and land use types on AMF diversity were further analyzed by principal component analysis,redundancy analysis and interaction analysis.The following important results and conclusions were obtained from this study:(1)Temperature change and land use type have a significant impact on the physical and chemical properties of some soils: temperature change will increase the available phosphorus content of the soil,and vegetation removal will lead to the reduction of organic matter,total nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon content in the soil;(2)Using high-throughput sequencing techniques,a total of 45 soil samples from 2150973 AMF sequence,belonging to 15 genera,42 species,of which the highest abundance of Glomus,and in all soil samples,Paraglomus brasilianum(10.7%)and Funneliformis mosseae(10.3%)is the highest abundance of two AMF species;(3)Temperature change and land use type changes can have a significant impact on the diversity of AMF,AMF diversity in the Sanjiang is the highest,and in land abandoned treatment and in soybean cultivation AMF diversity is significantly higher than in vegetation removal;two-way interaction analysis showed that the coupling effect of temperature change and land use type on the AMF richness and diversity;(4)The principal components and redundancy analysis showed that total nitrogen,organic matter and dissolved organic carbon concentration the soil are important factors,affecting the AMF diversity,AMF community composition and some specific soil physicochemical properties are closely related.Summing up,the study showed that long-term(8 years)temperature change and land use type changes can significantly affect the accumulation and release of soil mineral elements(total nitrogen and soil organic carbon),thereby regulating the composition and diversity of AMF communities,and the impact of both the interaction of AMF diversity is more intense.These findings enrich the knowledge about the relationship between climate and land use type change and biodiversity in higher latitudes,extending the understanding about the relationship of the plant-soilmicrobial interaction,and provide a scientific basis for the rational use of microbial resources to maintain the function and stability of ecosystems.