Research And Application Of Cell Surface Shelling

Cell surface shellization is a cell surface modification technique that use organic,chemical,and other methods to deposit organic,inorganic,or organic-inorganic hybrid shells on the surface of biological cells,which in turn allows biological cells to acquire new functions.With the development of nanomaterial science and technology,research on cell surface shelling has penetrated into various fields.Controlling the crystallization of calcium carbonate shells by preparing multi-layer polyelectrolyte films using three different types of microbial cells(E.coli,Staphylococcus aureus and brewer's yeast)as biotemplates through layer-by-layer self-assembly techniques and biomimetic mineralization,characterization and analysis of the difference in crystal morphology of different cell surface calcium carbonate crystals;Various polyelectrolyte membranes and calcium carbonate shells were prepared on the surface of cancer cells by the same principle and method,to study the optimization of various shelling conditions on the surface of cancer cells,the physicochemical properties of shell layer,the mechanism of shelling on the physiological function of cancer cells and the efficacy evaluation of shelling in cancer treatment;Subsequently,a chitosan-sodium glycerophosphate(C/GP)temperature-sensitive hydrogel was prepared,the effects of C/GP hydrogel shell on the migration and physiological activities of cancer cells and normal cells were studied.The results showed that calcium carbonate nanoparticles were successfully synthesized on the surface of three kinds of microbial cells,however,the crystal form and crystal morphology of calcium carbonate were different:Gram-like bacteria(E.coli and Staphylococcus aureus)induced the formation of granular calcium carbonate crystals on the surface,on the surface of yeast cells,layered calcium carbonate crystals are induced,the main crystals of three kinds of cell surface calcium carbonate which are not coated with polyelectrolyte membrane are vaterite and aragonite,after coating the polyelectrolyte membrane,the calcite crystal form of calcium carbonate is obviously increased;The polyelectrolyte membrane and the calcium carbonate shell on the surface of cancer cells can inhibit the physiological activity of cancer cells and affect the ability of cancer cells to adhere,deform,invade and migrate,molecular biology experiments show that the surface shelling of cancer cells has little effect on the expression of small G protein,but it can increase the secretion of metalloproteinase of cancer cells;The prepared C/GP composite hydrogel has good temperature-sensitive properties,and the scratch test results show that the gel shell can significantly inhibit the migration of cancer cells,the results of living dead cell staining showed that the gel shell can inhibit the physiological activity of cancer cells,but has little effect on the physiological activity of normal cells(mouse fibroblasts),so it can be used as a primary screening for cancer cells and normal cells.In summary,the cell surface shellization technology is simple and easy to operate,and requires no expensive equipment.The technology can enable cells to acquire new functions,expand the field of cell application,and provide a new theoretical basis for crystal growth and material preparation.We also found that surface shellization technology can effectively inhibit some physiological activities of cancer cells without expensive anticancer drugs,increase the therapeutic effect while reducing the toxicity to normal tissues and avoid the emergence of drug resistance.The shellization can provide some evidence for the cancer diagnosis and treatment,which is also expected to become new cancer treatments in clinic.