Investigation On Temperature Dependence Of Characteristic Parameters Of 1550 Nm Vertical-cavity Surface-emitting Laser

In recent years,semiconductor lasers have played an important role in advancement of semiconductor technology as well as in other fields.Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers(VCSELs)are a new type of semiconductor lasers.In compared with the conventional edge-emitting semiconductor lasers,VCSELs exhibit many advantages such as low threshold current,single longitudinal-mode operation,easy large-scale integration into two-dimensional array,circular output beam with narrow divergence,on-wafer testing capability,high bandwidth modulation,low cost and low power consumption.Due to its unique virtues,VCSELs have been widely adopted in various applications such as optical communication,optical storage,parallel optical links,and so on.VCSELs have attracted considerable attention in recent years.At the same time,the rich dynamic characteristics of VCSELs have always been one of the frontier topics in the field of laser research,and many investigated results have been reported theoretically and experimentally.For theoretical investigation,the dynamical characteristics of VCSELs,the spin-flip model(SFM)is one of the most commonly and effectively used methods.In order to accurately predict the nonlinear dynamical performance of a VCSEL,six characteristic parameters included in the rate equations of the SFM need to be given precisely.The six characteristic parameters are the decay rate of field k,the decay rate of total carrier population?_N,the linear anisotropies representing dichroism?_a,the linear anisotropies representing birefringence?_p,the spin-flip rate?_s,and the linewidth enhancement factor?.In this paper,through experimentally analyzing the output performances of a 1550nm VCSEL under free-running and parallel polarized optical injection,six characteristic parameters included in the SFM have been extracted firstly under the case that the temperature of the VCSEL is set at 20.00?.Furthermore,through gradually increasing the temperature from 10.00?to 30.00?,the dependences of the six characteristic parameters on the temperature of the 1550 nm VCSEL are investigated emphatically.The results show that,with the increase of temperature of the 1550 nm VCSEL,the linear anisotropies representing birefringence?_p behaves as an increased trend,and the linewidth enhancement factor?shows a decreasing trend.However,the other four characteristic parameters(the decay rate of field k,the decay rate of total carrier population?_N,the linear anisotropies representing dichroism?_a,the spin-flip rate?_s)present complex varied trends with the increase of the temperature of the 1550nm-VCSEL.In order to prove the measured method of six characteristic parameters is reasonable,we used the characteristic parameters measured at 20.00?to numerically simulate dynamical mapping of the 1550 nm VCSEL induced by parallel polarized optical injection.Comparing the experimentally measured dynamical mapping of parallel polarized optical injection 1550 nm VCSEL with corresponding dynamical mapping simulated at 20.00?,the results show that the simulated result is similar to the experimental observation.The research in this paper is helpful to accurately understand and control the dynamical characteristics of the VCSEL,and we hope it can provide a reference for practical applications.