Research On The Efficiency Of Public Transport System In Large And Medium Cities Based On DEA-Tobit Model

Urban public transport is a significant aspect of urban infrastructure;it is the "artery" of urban economic development.Urban public transport can guarantee the basic travel demands of residents and is closely related to the daily lives of residents.It is a bridge linking social production,circulation and people's lives.Urban public Transportation has a major foundational support for socio-economic development and urban construction.With the continuous development of China's social economy,the process of new urbanization has also been accelerating.Consecutive problems such as traffic congestion and waste of resources have emerged.The development of urban public transport can increase the utilization of transportation resources and ease urban traffic congestion.At the same time,it can satisfy people's diversified travel demands by improving the urban living environment.Urban public transport has become the key to improving the city's overall competitiveness.Therefore,the efficiency of public transport systems in large and medium-sized cities directly affects the harmonious and healthy operation of our society.Public transport systems play an indispensable role in the economic operation and social development of our country;therefore,how to objectively and fairly evaluate the efficiency of the public transport system and analyze the factors affecting the efficiency,and put forward feasible policy recommendations has become an important topic which attracts great concern of the academic community and the industry.Under the current policy environment for China's vigorous development of urban public transport,especially at the current stage when China's supply-side structural reform strategy is being implemented,we need to measure the efficiency of public transportation systems in large and medium-sized cities in China,at the same time,we must analyze the factors that affect the efficiency of public transport systems,these measures have very important theoretical values and practical significance for improving the overall efficiency of public transportation systems in large and medium-sized cities in China.Taking the public transport panel data of 36 large and medium-sized cities in China from2010 to 2015 as a sample,based on non-parametric estimation of DEA model and SE-DEA model,the comprehensive efficiency,technical efficiency,and scale efficiency of the public transport system are analyzed and evaluated.Based on the Malmquist Index of Total Factor Productivity,the efficiency changes and the differences between cities of public transportation systems and their subsystems are studied.The research results show that from the perspective of static perspectives,we can find that in the context of the accelerating process of urbanization in China,the overall efficiency,technical efficiency,and scale efficiency of the public transport system in large and medium-sized cities in China have reached a mid to upper level,However,there is still a certain gap between cities,and there are significant differences in the efficiency of public transportation and taxi subsystems.From a dynamic perspective of the Malimquist total factor productivity,it can be seen that the total factor productivity of the public transport system in 36 large and medium-sized cities in China has generally shown a downward trend in recent years.The overall efficiency of the public transport system has yet to be improved,and investment in the people,vehicles,and roads of urban public transport has not yet reached its maximum potential.This paper uses DEA-Tobit regression analysis method to empirically analyze the influencing factors of urban public traffic efficiency in large and medium cities in China from 2010 to 2015,and by further analyzing the impact of social and economic development,urban development,public transport investment,transportation infrastructure and other factors on public transport,we will explore the indicators that affect the efficiency of public transport systems.The empirical results of the Tobit regression model show that the socio-economic development level,the density of bus lines,and the availability of rail transit are negatively correlated with the efficiency of urban public transport systems;The level of urban development,public transport investment,and road area owned by bicycles are positively correlated with the efficiency of urban public transport systems.This explains,to a certain extent,the reasons for the differences in the efficiency of public transportation in different regions.Although some economically developed regions have good urban public transport infrastructure and technical support,however,the contradiction between the improvement of the economic development level and the mismatch of urban public transportation system planning has brought about many constraints to the current urban public transport system.In contrast,in some of the economically underdeveloped cities in the central and western regions,the concept of residents' travel is more economical,it will instead promote the efficiency of urban public transport systems.Finally,in order to comprehensively promote the construction of urban public transport,to improve the city public transportation service quality and to establish Internet plus intelligent public traffic,this paper puts forward policy recommendations for improving the efficiency of urban public transportation systems in China.It provides a basis for traffic authorities to formulate policies in a targeted manner so as to continuously improve the efficiency of public transportation in large and medium-sized cities.