Community Structures And Interactions Of Benthic Macroinvertebrates And Microorganisms In Typical Wetlands Of The Yellow River Delta

Wetland is a special natural complex formed by the interaction of land and water,and it is one of the most biodiverse ecosystems,as well as the natural environment with the highest contribution to human survival and development.Benthic macroinvertebrates and soil microorganisms,as the most important consumers and decomposers in wetland ecosystems,play an important role in maintaining the biogeochemical cycle and ecosystem functions of wetland ecosystems.In this study,the Yellow River Delta was used as the research site.Benthic macroinvertebrates and soil microorganisms in the intertidal zone,Phragmites australis shoal,deep Phragmites australis shoal,Tamarix chinensis area,Suaeda salsa area,and tidal flats of the Yellow River Delta were sampled and identified in summer and autumn,and the environmental factors such as water temperature,air temperature,water pH,dissolved oxygen and vegetation coverage were measured in situ,so as to explore the community structure and diversity of benthic macroinvertebrates and soil microorganisms,analyze the impact of seasons and habitat environment factors on benthic macroinvertebrates and soil microorganisms,and discuss the interaction between benthic macroinvertebrates and soil microorganismsAccording to the collection,identification and diversity analysis of benthic macroinvertebrates in the wetlands,Arthropoda and Mollusca were the main benthic macroinvertebrates in the Yellow River Delta in summer and autumn.Among them,boring benthos and burrowing benthos were major ones in summer,while in autumn,climbing benthos and burrowing benthos dominated.The total number of benthic macroinvertebrates in summer was significantly higher than that in autumn,while the species number,Shannon-Wiener diversity index,Margalef richness index and Pielou evenness index of benthic macroinvertebrates in autumn were significantly higher than those in summer.Vegetation coverage was the main environmental factor that caused differences in the community structure of benthic macroinvertebratesThe collection and diversity analysis of soil microorganisms in wetlands showed that Proteobacteria were the dominant microorganisms in the Yellow River Delta Phylolobacterium was the dominant genus in summer,and Oxyphotobacteria and Woeseia were the dominant bacteria in autumn.The Shannon-Wiener index and Chaol index of soil microorganisms in autumn were significantly higher than those in summer.There had significant differences in the microbial community structure in different habitats,which was mainly caused by vegetation coverage.There was a significant correlation between vegetation coverage and microbial community structure in summer.In autumn,habitats with larger differences in vegetation cover in autumn had greater differences in microbial community structure.Based on the correlation analysis of the collected wetland organism samples,the richness index of benthic macroinvertebrates and microbial community showed a significant positive correlation in the Yellow River Delta,but there was no correlation between the diversity indices.There had correlations between different types of benthic macroinvertebrates and several soil microorganisms with important ecological functions,indicating that the diversity of community structure in different habitats was related to the interaction between benthic macroinvertebrates and soil microorganisms.The metabolic activities of soil microorganisms led to the cycling of soil elements,thereby affecting the community structures of benthic macroinvertebrates.Benthic macroinvertebrates in wetlands could also change the soil particle structure and nutrient status of sediments through different lifestyle features and behaviors,thereby affecting the functional community distribution of soil microorganisms and the functions of wetland ecosystem.To sum up,different seasons and habitats will cause significant differences in dominant species and community composition of benthic macroinvertebrates and soil microorganisms.The richness and diversity indices of benthic macroinvertebrates and soil microorganisms were higher in autumn than in summer in the Yellow River Delta wetlands.The impact on habitats was mainly the difference in distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates and microbial communities caused by vegetation coverage.There were significant interactions between different benthic macroinvertebrates and soil microorganisms.The study found that there was a close relationship between the network structure of "plants-benthic macroinvertebrates-microorganisms".Vegetation coverage was an important factor affecting the distribution of wetland organisms.The large benthos and microorganisms affected by plants affect each other's community structure through metabolic activities and behavior patterns,so as to jointly affect the ecosystem functions of wetlands.This study contributed to the improvement of wetland ecosystem biodiversity protection,wetland resource development modes,wetland ecosystem process and ecosystem research,and provided an important basis for improving wetland ecological restoration strategies.