| A large number of marine monitoring equipment such as underwater vehicles,beacon lights,buoys,and submersibles provide real-time and accurate information for marine transportation,development,control and scientific research,and are an important foundation for advancing the strategy of a marine power and building a smart ocean.At present,marine monitoring equipment is mainly powered by batteries.Due to the complex marine environment and limited battery capacity,a large number of widely distributed marine monitoring equipment is facing huge power supply challenges.And researching advanced ocean energy collection technology is an important way to solve the problem of continuous power supply of monitoring equipment.The WindSentinel buoy from the Canadian company AXYS has added two energy supply modes,wind power and solar power,on the basis of batteries.701 Research Institute of China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation,National University of Defense Technology,Tianjin University,Shanghai Jiaotong University,etc.have carried out a lot of research in the field of monitoring platform driven by temperature difference energy.Compared with offshore solar energy,offshore wind energy,and temperature difference energy,wave energy is a kind of ocean energy with high grade,large energy flow density,and wide distribution range.China,the United States,Japan,the United Kingdom and other maritime powers all attach great importance to wave energy research,and have successively established large wave energy conversion devices based on electromagnetic induction generators at sea.However,these devices are difficult to capture small amplitude and random wave motions,and they have problems such as high cost and large volume.Therefore,there is an urgent need to study new and efficient wave energy acquisition technology for energy supply of marine monitoring equipment.Based on Maxwell’s displacement current principle,the triboelectric nanogenerator combines frictional electrification and electrostatic induction,which can directly convert the energy generated by random low-frequency mechanical movements(such as human motion,vibration,and waves)into electrical energy.It has great application prospects in environmental sensing and safety monitoring.Based on the previous work,this paper proposed a high power-density tower-like triboelectric nanogenerator(T-TENG),which can efficiently convert the low-frequency and arbitrary-directional ocean wave energy into electrical energy.It can be applied to many fields such as wave energy collection,self-powered ocean sensor nodes,marine pastures,and marine energy islands.By establishing a dynamic model of the floating body in waves,a flow-mechanical-electrical coupling model of the power generating unit inside the floating body and the external ocean waves was established,the influencing factors affecting the power generation performance of the triboelectric nanogenerator were analyzed,and a pool experiment was performed.The main research contents and conclusions are as follows:First,through theoretical and experimental analysis,a triboelectric nanogenerator with a tower structure is designed and applied efficiently harvest,and related experiments are performed to establish a flow-machine between a triboelectric nanogenerator and a floating body wave.The electric coupling model verifies that the triboelectric nanogenerator can resonate with waves at a specific frequency to maximize the output performance.Secondly,this paper explores the related factors that affect the output performance of the triboelectric nanogenerator of the tower structure,such as:the number,size,dielectric layer material,gap between electrodes,frequency,amplitude,incoming direction and number of power generation units of the inertial ball inside the internal power generation unit.The experimental results show that,based on T-TENG as the current source,the research confirms that the short-circuit current Isc,the voltage VR across the load,the amount of transferred charge Q,and the power density of the 1-10 layer power generation unit all show a multiplied trend.Aiming at the power supply problem of marine monitoring equipment,in order to break through the limitations of traditional wave energy conversion devices that are difficult to capture multi-directional waves,efficiently convert wave energy into electrical energy and improve the endurance of marine monitoring equipment.By increasing the number of power generation units from 1 to 10,the power density of T-TENG can be linearly increased from 1.0W/m3 to 10.6W/m3.This shows that due to its unique mechanis1 and structure,the power density of T-TENG can be proportionally increased by increasing the number of parallel connected power generation units.Therefore,the design of T-TENG is considered as an effective method to form a T-TENG network for large-scale blue energy harvesting.Based on the excellent performance of triboelectric nanogenerator,combined with the background of current ocean wave energy harvesting,and using advanced technology and system to design the experimental scheme,this article proposed a highly-efficient ocean wave energy harvester,which provides a novel idea for self-powered of ocean intelligent sensor network,ocean ranch and other scientific research projects. |
