Economic Efficiency Analysis Of Corn Growers Under The Background Of "Grain To Forage" Pilot Policy

Under the background of rapid growth of grain output,unbalanced supply of feed and grain,and shortage of high-quality forage materials,the state has implemented a pilot policy of "grain to forage" to reduce the planting area of grain corn and expand the cultivation of high-quality forage materials such as silage corn.The "grain to forage" pilot policy has been implemented for four years.By describing the current status of the "grain to forage" pilot implementation,the farmers' structural adjustment,comparative analysis of the farmers' cost-benefit and efficiency changes,and objective evaluation of the "grain to forage" pilot implementation effect.Based on the description and analysis of the input and output of 323 grain corn and silage corn growers in the "grain to forage" pilot and non-pilot areas,the DEA model was used to estimate the grain and silage corn in the "grain to forage pilot areas in 2018 Compare the production and cost efficiency of grain corn in non-pilot areas,and compare the differences in efficiency between different regions and varieties;calculate and compare the changes in production and cost efficiency of grain corn and silage corn in the "grain to forage" pilot areas in different areas.Combined with the Cost-Malmquist index,the production efficiency of grain corn and silage corn in the pilot areas of "grain to forage" in different regions is decomposed,and the technical efficiency changes,technical changes,configuration efficiency changes and price factors are compared.Research indicates:The net income of corn is greatly affected by market prices.After being included in the "grain to forage" pilot area,the market price of silage corn has increased little,but in some areas there has been a slight decline,resulting in the average sales income per acre has been unable to increase.With the recovery of market prices,the income of grain corn has increased relatively.The cost of grain corn and silage corn in the pilot area has changed equally,and the net income is greatly affected by market prices.Some farmers choose silage corn,mainly because the harvesting process of silage corn is more labor-saving than grain corn.The scale efficiency of silage corn in the pilot areas is poor.According to the 2018 input-output data,the allocation efficiency of silage corn in pilot areas is lower than that of grain corn in pilot areas,and the scale efficiency is lower than that of grain corn in non-pilot areas.Among them,the scale efficiency of silage corn in Xinjiang pilot areas is not as good as that of grain corn in pilot and non-pilot areas.The increase of silage corn planting area in the pilot area of Heilongjiang Province has reduced the scale efficiency.The loss of productivity improvement of silage corn in the pilot areas comes from technological efficiency,technological regression and factor price distortion.According to the MI and CM indexes,the loss of Xinjiang silage corn productivity improvement is mainly due to the retrogression of technical efficiency.Xinjiang silage corn uses both grain and feed varieties,and the price is not easy to increase.The average sales income per acre is lower than that of grain corn,with equal input and poor income.The loss of silage corn production efficiency improvement in the pilot area of Hebei mainly comes from technological regression and factor price distortion.Silage corn in Hebei province uses both grain and feed varieties,and the price is not easy to increase.The average sales income per acre is lower than that of grain corn;at the same time,the input price of various factors has increased,but it has not brought corresponding output increase.The productivity of grain corn in the Heilongjiang pilot area has improved,while the loss of silage corn productivity has mainly come from technological regressions and factor price distortions.The main reason is that the purchase price of silage corn in the Heilongjiang pilot area has decreased,and as costs have increased,revenue has decreased.Based on the above conclusions,this study believes that one is to strengthen policy support and increase the yield of silage corn cultivation.Directly or indirectly increase the income of growers,while expanding the market demand for silage corn.The second is planting on a moderate scale to improve scale efficiency.Combined with the local resource endowment and its own production and operation conditions,the planting scale should be adjusted reasonably to reduce costs and increase profits.The third is to strengthen the research and development and promotion of special silage corn varieties and improve the technical efficiency of silage corn.The government cooperates with universities or scientific research institutions to carry out research and development of silage corn seeds or improve high-quality and high-yield silage corn seeds,and promote special silage corn seeds,which is conducive to increasing the value of silage corn.The fourth is to further rationalize factor prices and rational allocation of factor resources.Strengthen the supervision of the input of silage corn seeds,fertilizers and pesticides,and reasonably guide market pricing;at the same time,guide farmers to use chemical fertilizers and pesticides in appropriate amounts.