Comparative Studies Of The Landscape Genetics Between South China Torrent Frog And Piebald Odorous Frog In Gutian Mountain

The amphibia is the most important part of Forest ecosystem,which also plays an essential role in the forest ecosystem.As an essential transition group,Amphibians is a vertebrate transition from aquatic to terrestrial.The specific features make it particularly sensitive to changes in its habitat.For example,it cannot live without water in the life cycle and owns high permeability skin.Therefore,Amphibians is the best indicator species to monitor quality in a forest ecosystem.Moreover,the community structure characteristics are the vital parameter on judging in this ecosystem quality field.This research adopts the microsatellite method,analyses Odorrana schmackeri and Amolops ricketti distributed in the same area of Gutian Mountain National Nature as research subjects.Compared and analyzed with the genetic diversity and genetic structures of population,as well as combined with genetic method,this paper aims to optimize the least cost distance model,to achieve a quantitative analysis of landscape connectivity and accurate positioning of potential corridors.Furthermore,a more reliable scientific basis is provided for biodiversity protection and nature reserve management planning.The main results are shown as follows.1.12 novel microsatellite loci were developed using high through-put sequencing.A total of 92 alleles were detected in 26 individuals.The number of alleles ranged from 2 to 19 with an average of 7.67 alleles per locus;Observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.423 to 1.000(average 0.808)and from 0.510 to 0.945(average 0.755);respectively,The polymorphism information content per locus ranged from 0.375 to 0.922(average 0.693).Loci Aric06,Aric16,Aric25,Aric35 and Aric49 showed a significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium after Bonferroni correction.There were no linkage disequilibrium detected among all loci pairwise.2.7 microsatellite loci were used to test genetic diversity for 8 populations of A.ricketti,The average number of alleles was 5.07(4.41?5.99);The average number of expected heterozygosity was 0.78(0.74?0.80);The average number of polymorphism information content was 0.73(0.71?0.75).And in the meantime,7 microsatellite loci were used to test genetic diversity for O.schmackeri populations.the average number of alleles was 3.41(2.90?3.92);The average number of expected heterozygosity was 0.66(0.62?0.73);The average number of polymorphism information content was 0.57(0.53?0.62).The results indicate that the expected heterozygosity in each population reached the categories of higher genetic diversity.The genetic diversity of O.schmackeri populations is lower than A.ricketti populations.However,it still maintains at a high level of polymorphism.3.To testing the genetic variation and genetic structure of A.rickett populations and O.schmackeri populations,we compared the result of molecular variance analysis(AMOVA).The genetic variation of A.ricketti and O.schmackeri populations were mainly come from population inside,there were extensive gene flow between populations.The genetic variation among A.ricketti populations(3.01%)was higher than O.schmackeri populations(1.25%).according to Nei's unbiased genetic distance,it Separately constructed UPGMA dendrogram.The topological structure shown that A.rickett populations and O.schmackeri populations were all clustered into two branches.4.Based on the least cost distance model,making quantitative analysis of landscape connectivity to the sights of A.ricketti and O.schmackeri in Gutian mountain.The result shows that under the best model,the hardboard is the least resistance for A.ricketti which maintain the buffer zone of dense broad-leaved forest canopy which covered on the stream channel.In this context,it can connect with A.ricketti population in maximum.For O.schmackeri population,Masson Pine is the least resistance.Through increasing Masson pine forest's cover area and reducing fir forest's area,the connectivity of this kind of population in this area is raised.5.The distribution map of potential ecological corridors for A.ricketti and O.schmackeri populations in Gutian Mountain Nature Reserve indicates that the quantities of potential diffusion corridor of O.schmackeri is higher than A.ricketti.The connectivity sights of O.schmackeri populations are higher than A.ricketti populations.