Phylogenetic Relationships And Phylogeography Of Laudakia Sacra And L.wui

The genus Laudakia(Gray,1845)belong to the family Agamidae and Order Igunaia.Due to the rock lizard is distributed on the plateau,it is relatively difficult to carry out scientific investigation and research on the plateau.There are 7 species in China,which are distributed in Tibet Autonomous Region,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and Gansu Province.There are few studies on phylogeny and population genetics in this genus in China.Based on the previous studies,there is one overtype species of Laudakia sacra and L.wui.In this study,we adopt the zero hypothesis,let alone consider them as one species.The "long rod looper" method(first created by Huang song)was used to sample L.sacra and L.wui.We onducted extensive,continuous and density field investigations cover the entire distribution of L.sacra and L.wui along the Yarlung Zangbo River and its tributaries.Four pregnant individuals were collected from Yeba village of Lhasa city to observe and record the oviparous reproduction mode of the lizard in 2019.We have supplemented the basic biological information of L.sacra.Compared with other species of the same genus,we discussed that further field investigation is needed to understand the cave temperature and humidity during the spawning season,so as to improve the hatching rate and provide more accurate reproductive biological information for Laudakia.At the same time,during the field investigation,we have found that there were still egg bearing individuals in the late August of L.wui.Whether the breeding season of L.wui at low altitude was postponed,or whether it spawned many times a year like other lizard species.In the next study,we need to focus on observation and research.From 2016-2019,we hava collected 48 samples from 23 sites were obtained,after morphological measurement,mitochondrial genome and gene capture,the systematic relationship between the two species was studied.The results of morphological measurement are consistent with those of previous studies.From the point of view of mitochondrial genome,phylogenetic trees were constructed by combining the complete mitochondrial sequences of L.sacra and L.wui with 12 related genera and genetic distance analysis.The relationship between the two species is close(mitochondrial genetic distance is about 2.7%),but the differentiation time is not long.Phylogenetic genomics analysis based on 9271 gene loci enriched by cross-species target gene capture method does not support the existence of cryptic species between L.sacra and L.wui.L.wui is distributed from Backbone township of Motuo to Qianduo village of Bomi.L.sacra is distributed from Lilong village along the Yarlung Zangbo River to the west near Nimu County,Lhasa City,which reflects the evolution history of species.At the same time,based on the phylogenetic analysis,the L.wui and L.sacra spread along the Yarlung Zangbo River from south to north and then to west.The two peaks play a role of geographical isolation.It supports the previous study that the genus Laudakia may cross the south slope of Himalayas from its possible origin.Under the condition of "rainy weather",there is an acceptable diffusion hypothesis in arid areas.In the future,we need to strengthen cooperation in many aspects,especially with the national scientific research team of the distribution of Laudakia in Central Asia,in order to try to solve the phylogenetic relationship of the whole Laudakia.