Research On Fish Classification And Functional Diversity

This article uses the waters in Jinan as a research area to investigate the fishes in Jinan waters from 2014 to 2019.The temporal and spatial dynamic characteristics of fish community composition,? diversity and ? diversity in Jinan and their relationship with environmental factors were analyzed.On this basis,we explored the time and space differences of the structure and function of fish communities in Jinan waters,and evaluated the ecosystem of Jinan waters.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)From 2014 to 2019,a total of 45 fish species were collected,belonging to 6 orders,19 families and 33 genera.Among them,Cyprinus carpio are the most,accounting for 73.33% of the total species;followed by Perciformes order,accounting for 15.56%;ymbranchir and Siluriformes order each accounted for 4.44%;cyprinodontiformes order is the least,accounting for 2.22%.Uneven spatial distribution of fish populations.Among them,the most collected species in the southern region are 25 ± 3,and the dominant species is Carassius auratus Linnaeus.Biomass accounts for 35.30% of the total catch in the area;the number of species in the central region is 21 ± 6,without fish dominant species;the number of species in the northern region is the smallest,only 12 ± 5,and the dominant species of fish is Carassius auratus Linnaeus,Biomass accounts for 66.1% of the total biomass captured.(2)The analysis of Jinan species diversity by region in each year by single factor analysis of variance found that except for the northern region,the Shannon Wiener diversity index was significantly lower than that of the southern and central regions.0.05),the fish community alpha diversity index(species Shannon Wiener diversity index,species Pielou evenness index and species Maglev index)did not change significantly between different years(P> 0.05),and between different regions No significant difference(P> 0.05);Except that the fish species Taxsim in the southern region was significantly higher than that in the northern region(P <0.05),the ? diversity index(? diversity index,Taxsim,Taxnes)of fish communities did not change significantly in different years(P> 0.05).There was no significant difference in different regions(P> 0.05).This study found that from the northern area of Jinan to the southern area,there are more and more fish species and more abundant,and the fish community structure is more and more complex.(3)The analysis of Jinan Functional Diversity by region in each year by single factor analysis of variance found that except for the same region where FEve changed significantly in different years(P <0.05),Jinan functional diversity(FEve,FEve,FDiv)The change between different years was not significant(P> 0.05),and there was no significant difference between different regions(P> 0.05).This study found that fish communities in various regions make better use of the resources in their habitats to form a stable community structure,but the resilience of fish communities in the south is better than that in the north.(4)Based on 12 functional traits related to fish morphology,habitat utilization,life history and nutritional characteristics,fish in Jinan are divided into 10 functional groups.The results show that the dominant functional group in Jinan is mainly composed of small omnivorous fish.The spatial distribution of fish functional groups is even,and the types of fish functional groups collected in the southern,central and northern regions are the same,10 species.Except for 9 species of fish functional groups collected in 2018 and 2017,10 species were collected in other years.The change trend of functional group ? diversity is consistent with the change trend of species ? diversity,but it shows a higher sensitivity.The Shannong diversity of the functional group in the northern area is more significantly different from that of the southern area(P <0.01).(5)Analysis of environmental factors,diversity index and environmental factors in Jinan waters through PCA and correlation analysis found that the main environmental factors affecting Jinan waters are transparency(cm),biochemical oxygen demand,turbidity(degrees),bicarbonate,Total alkalinity,sulfate,chloride,total hardness,nitrate.Different species diversity and functional group diversity respond differently to different environmental factors.Chloride in the central region was significantly positively correlated with functional group uniformity(P <0.05),but negatively correlated with species uniformity.