| Random numbers are important resources in science,technology and engineering applications.They play a vital role in many fields,such as confidential communication,computer simulation,and basic theory testing.At present,the method of obtaining a random number is mainly to use a small number of seed bit sequences as entropy,and then to achieve it through a deterministic algorithm.Although the generated random number can pass the standard statistical test,considering its essence is deterministic,there are certain security risks.With the development of the discipline of quantum information,the scheme of extracting random numbers from quantum systems has gradually become feasible.This scheme is essentially based on the unpredictability of measuring collapse in the quantum world,the randomness of its acquisition is therefore guaranteed by the basic principles of quantum mechanics.This kind of random number generator based on basic principles of quantum mechanics is called a quantum random number generator.This article starts with the basic concepts of quantum random number generators and introduces some basic concepts and technical terms.Then it introduces mainstream quantum random number generator protocols,such as device-independent quantum random number generators,discussing their advantages and disadvantages.The two types of device-independent quantum random number generators are mainly under the assumption of independent identical distribution and without the assumption of independent identical distribution,and some related protocols.Finally,due to the statistical fluctuations in the data obtained in the experiment,some device-independent quantum random number generator protocols that rely on the optimization of related parameters cannot certify the randomness,we propose a method based on Navascués–Pironio – Acín(NPA)and constrained least square estimation post-processing method,greatly improving the robustness and practicability of this type of protocol. |
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