A Study On Human Remains Unearthed From Bitzili Cemetery In Hetian, Xinjiang

The materials used in this study are human remains unearthed from the Bizili tomb in Hetian,Xinjiang.Bizili cemetery,located in the southeast of Bizili Village,Shanpu Township,Luopu County,on the secondary and tertiary platforms.From March to April 2016,archaeological excavation was carried out on the cemetery by Xinjiang Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology to cooperate with the construction of the Motorway from Moyu County to Hotan City.A total of 40 tombs were excavated,all of which are pit and vertical tombs.According to burial tools,they can be divided into two categories: pit tomb and wooden coffin tomb.According to the difference in shape,pit tombs can be divided into knife-shaped pit tombs and rectangular pit tombs.According to the difference of wood coffin,wood coffin tomb can be divided into box type wood coffin tomb and single wood coffin tomb.Box type wood coffin tomb is divided into four foot type,clamshell type two;Single wood coffin tomb is divided into log coffin,half log coffin,single wood type three.The report on the excavation of the cemetery has not yet been published.The use of the biziri cemetery has been ongoing and phased.The dao pit tomb dates back to the Western Han Dynasty.The age of box tomb and single wood coffin tomb is synchronal,which is from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Wei and Jin Dynasties.This paper intends to make a comprehensive study of human remains from the perspectives of anthropometry,morphology,archaeology and paleopathology,in order to provide the latest data and information for relevant research fields.The basic framework of this paper is as follows: Chapter one is the introduction.The physical geography environment of biziri cemetery and the research results of related disciplines are summarized.The research methods and principles involved in this paper are explained.The second chapter is the research of craniometry.Pit tomb,log coffin tomb and single wooden coffin tomb were divided into three groups,and skull measurement data statistics,morphological characteristics analysis and measurement shape comparison were conducted respectively.It is concluded that the craniofacial features of male are: long craniotype,high craniotype,narrow craniotype combination,broad frontal combination and narrow upper craniotype.Low orbit,middle nose and jaw.Cranial measurement traits of 3 groups of people in the Western Han Dynasty were selected as comparative data.Three methods of Euclidian distance coefficient and cluster analysis show that the population of Bizili Dao tomb group is the closest to the population of Shanpu tomb group.The skull shapes of the men in the log coffin tomb were summarized as: middle cranial type,orthocranial type,narrow cranial type combined,middle frontal type combined with narrow upper type;Low orbital,narrow nasal,and orthognathic.This set of data is mainly used to analyze the relationship between individuals within the group.It is concluded that the proximity of the dead buried in the log coffin tomb is decreasing from the same coffin to the same hole and the different hole.The skull morphological characteristics of the men in the box coffin tomb population were summarized as: middle cranial type,high cranial type,narrow cranial type combination,middle frontal type combination with narrow upper type;Low orbit,middle nose and jaw.The general form is close to the crowd of log coffins.The data analysis still focused on the relationship between individuals and concluded that individuals buried in the same coffin had closer genetic morphological distance.The relationship between the three groups was also discussed.It is concluded that there are oligomerization and progress relationship between box coffin group and log coffin group.The third chapter is about pathology and trauma.Except for Abnormal femoral curvature and nasal bone fracture,the pathological and traumatic phenomena observed in this paper are too low in proportion,and the premise of statistical analysis is not provided,so only diagnostic description is made.No abnormal femoral curvature was found in the dao shaped tomb population,and the 4 abnormal curvature specimens were all from the eastern Han,Wei and Jin dynasties population,which may be related to the lifestyle change and riding behavior of the late and early population.Most nasal bone fractures were associated with violent behavior,with 4 cases in the early stage and 10 cases in the late stage.Although it cannot be inferred that the incidence of violence in the population has increased,it can be guessed that the violence in the population is a common phenomenon whether in the same group or in the process of crowd integration.Chapter four is the conclusion.The research results of this paper are summarized,and the related problems are discussed and inferred.