| The gut microbiota play crucial roles in host health.In addition,diet and host species relationship have important effects on the structure of host gut microbial community.Opportunities for gut microbes to spread to each other will increase when animals live in a shared environment and this situation is more prominent in wintering migratory birds.In recent years,human activities have caused the disappearance of suitable habitats,which may cause migratory birds to using farmland habitats.Therefore,the transmission between sympatric migratory birds and poultry is a realistic problem that deserves to attention.In this study,we used the high-throughput sequencing method(Illumina Mi-Seq)to analyze the intestinal bacterial communities and temporal changes of wintering hooded cranes and domestic greyleg geese at the Shengjin Lake.We characterized the intestinal bacteria between sympatric hooded cranes and domestic greyleg geese,and further compare the bacterial communities and infer the potential pathogens in the two hosts guts.The main results are as follows:1.A total of 29 phylum,364 families and 690 genera were found between sympatric hooded crane and domestic greyleg goose.The gut bacterial abundance of taxonomic elements was significant differences in the two hosts.There were 23.4% OTU overlap,96.6% phylum overlap,78.6% family overlap and 63.9% genus overlap between hooded crane and domestic greyleg goose in the whole wintering period.The dominant bacteria of the phylum were Firmicutes,Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,Cyanobacteria and Bacteroidetes.There are 14 dominant bacteria in the family,including Lactobacillaceae,Clostridiaceae,Bacillaceae,Nocardiaceae,etc.,which are contained in the gut of both hosts.In the analysis of genus dominant bacteria that the abundance of Lactobacillus in the gut of hooded crane was significantly higher than domestic greyleg goose.Nocardia is an opportunistic pathogen with high abundance in the gut of domestic greyleg goose.In addition,there were significant differences in the composition of gut microbiota between overwintering hooded cranes and domestic greyleg geese.2.As much as 26 phylum were identified in the gut of hooded crane and 88.9% were overlapped at different wintering stages.However,28 phylums were identified in the gut of domestic greyleg goose and 82.1% were overlapped.The proportion of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria at the phylum in the gut microbiota of hooded crane at different wintering stages was 90%,while the domestic greyleg goose was 56%.With the increase of overwintering time,the intestinal bacterial diversity of hooded crane and domestic greyleg goose decreased gradually.In addition,the gut microbiota composition of hooded crane and domestic greyleg goose in different overwintering periods also showed significant differences.3.Potential pathogenic bacteria amounting to 34 species were detected in the gut of hooded crane and domestic greyleg goose during the wintering period.The 13 potential pathogens were found both hooded crane and domestic greyleg goose throughout the wintering season.The results of Alpha diversity analysis showed that the hooded cranes were significant difference than domestic greyleg goose,and the abundance of pathogens in the gut of the domestic greyleg goose was higher than that of the hooded crane.In addition,the diversity of gut potential pathogenic bacteria in the early and late wintering period of hooded crane was significantly different from that of domestic greyleg goose,and the diversity of potential pathogens in the gut of domestic greyleg goose was also higher than that in the hooded crane.Studies have shown that there are significant differences in the community structure and diversity of potentially pathogenic intestinal bacteria in different host types.These results suggest that greater attention should be paid to the spread of potential pathogens between migratory birds and poultry to protect these wild bird and poultry populations by preventing or minimizing common bacterial diseases. |
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