Research Of Biodiesel Production Catalyzed By Magnetic Solid Base From Non-edible Oil

As a king of high-quality renewable green biomass energy,biodiesel has three functions of environmental protection,fuel and lubrication.Besides,biodiesel has the advantages of convenient transportation and storage,safe use,low temperature start and other characteristics.At present,raw materials that can be used to produce biodiesel include edible oils,non-edible oils and other resources.The transesterification reaction based on homogeneous acid and base catalyst has been used in large-scale industrial production of biodiesel.However,the catalyst has defects of high corrosion,separation difficulty and large amount of waste water.Using solid base as catalyst not only has good catalytic activity,but also avoids "the problems of traditional homogeneous catalysts.Moreover,based on the solid base catalyst,magnetism can be used to ensure that the catalyst can be recovered and reused better.In this paper,two kinds of raw materials were prepared for biodiesel production,namely soybean oil and kitchen lard.After esterification,these two materials were analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry(GC-MS).First,soybean oil was used as raw material and natural graphite powder as carrier to produce solid base catalyst for biodiesel production.The preparation conditions and transesterification conditions were investigated,and the catalysts were characterized.As the other raw material,kitchen lard was used to take place of stable kitchen waste oil.The preparation conditions of magnetic solid base catalysts for bamboo charcoal,ZrO2 and CeO2 and reaction conditions of biodiesel production by transesterification were investigated.Meanwhile,the reusability of the catalysts was also analyzed and the properties of the catalysts were characterized.The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1)GC-MS was used to analyze the main components of two kinds of raw materials after methesterification.Soybean oil:hexadecanoic acid,methyl ester,methyl oleate,eicosanoic acid,methyl ester,eicosanoic acid,methyl ester,elaidic acid,methyl ester,9,12-Octadecadienoic acid,methyl ester and 11,14,17-Eicosatrienoic acid,methyl ester.Kitchen lard:hexadecanoic acid methyl ester,oleic acid methyl ester,octadecanoic acid methyl ester,11-octadecenoic acid methyl ester and 9,12-octadecadienoic acid methyl ester.(2)The solid base catalyst of graphite powder was prepared by dip-molding method for producing biodiesel from soybean oil.The following conclusions were drawn from the comparative experiments of different factors:When tihe loading capacity of K2CO3 was 30%,the calcination temperature was 500 ?,the calcination time was 3 h,the reaction temperature was 70 ?,the alcohol oil ratio was 8:1,and the catalyst dosage is 1.5%,the highest yield of 92.30%was obtained.The catalysts were subsequently characterized.(3)Magnetic bamboo charcoal solid base catalyst of K/BC-Fe3O4 was prepared by in situ synthesis,and nano-magnetic solid base catalyst of K/Zr02-Fe3O4 was synthesized by sol-gel method.They were all used for the production of biodiesel from kitchen lard.The effects of loading ratio,calcination temperature,calcination time,transesterification temperature,molar ratio of alcohol to oil and catalyst dosage on the yield of biodiesel were investigated.The highest yields corresponding to the two catalysts were 92.58%and 90.61%,respectively.The recovery experiments were carried out respectively.After 5 times of recovery,the yield wsa still maintained at 55.00%..(4)Mesoporous CeO2 was synthesized by soft template method and magnetic solid base catalyst(K/CeO2-Fe2O3)was successfully synthesized by sol-gel method which was used to catalyze transesterification from stable homemade lard to produce biodiesel.It can be concluded that the optimum conditions for transesterification were found at 60 ? reaction temperature,6:1 methanol/oil molar ratio and 1.5%catalyst amount under the conditions of KOH loading 40%,300 ? calcination temperature and 3 h calcination time corresponding to a maximum biodiesel yield of 92.02%in reaction time of 3 h.Renewability results indicated that the magnetic catalyst maintained high activity after 6-times use with a biodiesel yield more than 82.00%.The characterization results demonstrated that the catalyst had granular nano-structures and superparamagnetism.