| With the rapid development of our country's economy,the level of industrialization has grown by leaps and bounds.Environmental pollution,especially atmospheric pollution,has also become increasingly serious.Air pollution has not only directly contributed to the formation of hazy weather,it has caused great difficulties for people's travel and life,and it also has a great impact on people's health.PM2.5,which can directly enter the bronchus after being inhaled into the human body,and can also enter the bloodstream through the bronchus and alveoli,triggering various aspects including asthma,bronchitis and cardiovascular diseases.In recent years,air pollution has become a potential killer of human health.Therefore,it is necessary to study the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of atmospheric pollutants and their health effects.This paper takes Shandong Province as the research object.Air pollutants concentration data were collected from 2015 to 2016 in 17 cities in the province.We analyze the spatial variation of air pollutants.Meanwhile,we also explore the relevant relationship between air pollutants and meteorological elements(temperature,relative humidity,wind speed,and barometric pressure).And using the air pollutant concentration data,we calculate the aggregate air quality index(AAQI)and health-risk based air quality index(HAQI)in Shandong Province.The three indexes of AQI,AAQI and HAQI were compared.As a result,the association between the three index and the air pollutants in various cities was concluded,combined with the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of air pollution.The study shows that shandong province has improved the concentration of all kinds of air pollutants in 2016 compared with 2015 except O3,PM2.5 is the leading pollutant with the largest proportion and the most serious air pollution,and the air pollution in western Shandong Province(Liaocheng,Dezhou and Heze)is the most serious.The concentration of O3 increases with the increase of temperature.The peak season of the year is generally appeared in autumn and winter(November-February)for the other five air pollutants except O3.The air pollution is the lightest on Tuesdays and Wednesdays during the week.The highest air pollution occurs on Saturdays and Sundays,while the mid-day peaks are in the morning(9 am to 12 pm).In addition,through comparative analysis of relevant meteorological elements,the results indicate that the probability of severe pollution is very high when the temperature ranges from 0 to 5?,relative humidity is above 80%,and the wind speed is below 2m/s.The probability of air pollution is 98%and the relatively high relative humidity and calm wind are the basic weather conditions for heavy polluted weather.By calculating AAQI and HAQI,it can be seen that the values of both indexes are greater than AQI,When AQI is less than 100,54.8%of the days of air quality classification based on AAQI value are mild pollution and 14.4%are moderate pollution,When air pollution occurs,air quality based on AAQI and HAQI will be worse than air quality based on AQI.Result of population weighted analysis with HAQI show that 72%of the population in Shandong Province are exposed to air pollution(HAQI>100),especially in the winter with 88%of the population is in health risks(HAQI>100)in the air. |
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