| Feather as a natural keratin fiber,it has the characteristics of low price,non-toxic,harmless and biodegradable.At the same time,its surface contains a large amount of active groups.Therefore,it has great utilization value.At present,only a few parts of feathers are used as handicrafts,warm materials and daily necessities with low additional value.Most of them are discarded resulting in great waste of resources.Therefore,the search for new methods and technologies for feather utilization is imminent.Chemical modification of feathers can increase their utilization and additional value.In this paper,the functional feather composites which were prepared by chemical modification of ducklings feathers are studied as follows:1.The structure and properties of duck and ducklings feather were characterized by FT-IR,EDS,XRD,SEM,TGA and flat heat preserve tester.The difference of the structure,element content,crystallinity,surface morphology,thermal stability and warmth between the duck and the ducklings feather are analyzed.The results showed that the duck and ducklings feather were mainly composed of four elements:C,N,O and S;the duck feather had a distinct peak of sulfhydryl groups;the length and diameter of the barbs and barbules and the microscopic appearance of duck feather are obviously different from that of ducklings feather;the thermal stability and warmth of duck feather are better than those of ducklings feather.2.Using mercaptoacetic acid to reduce the disulfide bond in the feather into mercapto.A surface-initiating system-SH/KPS was constructed by the mercapto groups on modified feather and potassium persulfate dissolved in the solution,the graft-polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate(GMA)in the aqueous solvent was realized,obtaining the grafted polymer Feather-g-PGMA.The effects of monomer concentration,initiator concentration and temperature on the feather grafting were discussed.The modified feather were characterized by FT-IR,XRD,SEM and TGA.Experimental results show that the-SH/KPS can smoothly initiate.the graft-polymerization of GMA on the surface of feather in a aqueous solvent,the optimum conditions of graft-modified feather that monomer concentration is 0.55mol/L,initiator concentration is 2.6mmol/L and temperature is 40 ?.The grafting rate of Feather-g-PGMA is up to 185.8%and the thermal stability of feather grafted PGMA was decreased.3.Using feather graft copolymers containing epoxy groups(Feather-g-PGMA)as raw material,phytic acid(PA)as modified reagents,the feather adsorbent material with high density phosphate was obtained by the ring-opening reaction of epoxy groups.The effects of concentration?temperature and time on the phytic acid modified Feather-g-PGMA were discussed.The modified feather were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and Thermogravimetric analysis(TGA).Results show that the Feather-g-PGMA can be successfully rmodified by PA.When the volume fraction of PA is 25%,temperature is 70?and time is 4 h,the best conditions for modification are obtained.There is a strong coordination bond between Pb2+ and feather adsorbent material?leading to a strong adsorption ability of feather adsorbent material for Pb2+ at 54.4 mg/g.Compared with feather,the thermal stability of feather adsorbent material is decreased.Compared with Feather-g-PGMA,the thermal stability is enhanced.4.Feather graft copolymers(Feather-g-PtBA)was synthesized via electron transfer for atom transfer radical polymerization(ARGET ATRP),using feather with bromide side-group(Feather-Br)as the macroinitiator and N,N,N',N,'N"-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine(PMDETA)/copper(II)bromide(CuBr2)as catalytic system,vitamin C as reducing agent.The synthesis process,synthesis kinetics,thermal stability and mechanical properties of Feather-g-PtBA were studied.Element content,chemical structure,thermal stability,crystalline structure and surface morphology of the modified feather were characterized by Energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS),fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),X-ray diffraction(XRD)and scanning electron microscope(SEM).The results indicate that the Feather-g-PtBA polymers was successfully prepared by ARGET ATRP The grafting rate of tBA can reach 362%.After grafting,the surface of the feather was covered with a layered polymer and compared with the feather,the thermal stability decreased.5.A method for feather modification was explored through surface grafting polymerization of PDMAEMA initiated by ARGET(activators regenerated by electron transfer)ATRP(atom transfer radical polymerization).In this method,the groups of carbonyl bromide on the surface of feather were used as initiator and 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate(DMAEMA)was used for grafting monomer.Subsequently,the grafted DMAEMA feather(Feather-g-PDMAEMA)was quatenized by using bromoethane and the feather graft polymer of the antibacterial effect was obtained.The synthesis process,synthesis kinetics,thermal stability and antibacterial properties of Feather-g-PDMAEMA were studied.Element content,chemical structure,thermal stability,crystalline structure and surface morphology of the modified feather were characterized by EDS,FT-IR TGA,XRD and SEM.The results of FT-IR and SEM analysis showed that feather graft copolymers and quaternized feather graft copolymers were successfully prepared.The results of XRD showed that the crystallinity of feathers decreased after grafting polymerization,and the thermal stability of feather graft copolymers was decreased by TGA analysis.The grafting rate of Feather-g-PDMAEMA is up to 84.7%.The results of antibacterial test showed that quatrnized Feather-g-PDMAEMA had good antibacterial effect. |
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