| Antimonide nanomaterial arouses worldwide attention due to its distinct physical and chemical properties.It is now widely used in various fields such as infrared detectors,thermoelectric materials,and lithium-ion batteries.However,the preparation methods current used are inefficient,high-cost,and can easily pollute the environment,thus they are not suitable for large-scale industrial production.Solvothermal reaction refers to the use of high-temperature and high-pressure environment produced by the high-pressure reactor in generating nanometer-scale,high-purity,well-distributed,and uniform nanomaterials,thus avoiding the irreversible agglomeration phenomenon in high-temperature preparation process.One-step solvothermal method was adopted to synthesize antimony and zinc telluride nanomaterials.This research can provide theoretical and practical guidance for preparing antimonide nanomaterials by optimizing experimental scheme and investigating its physical properties.The specific research process is as follows:1.This research explored the controlled synthesis and the formation mechanism of Sb nanotubes.With the use of solvothermal method,nanomaterials with low-dimensional nanostructures,such as germanium nanoparticles,nanosheets,and nanotubes were directly prepared by controlling reaction factors like temperature and time.In the process of synthesis,reaction temperature is very important to adjust the morphology of antimonysimple substance,and the effect of adjusting reaction time is similar to that of changing reaction temperature.The experimental results show that the morphology of tantimonysimple substance was mainly 20-30nm nano-particles under the temperature of140°C-160°C;nanosheet structure under the temperature range of 160°C-180°C;antimony nanotubes with 50 nm in diameter and a 350 nm in length under the temperature of180℃-200℃.The XRD test results showed that the product was rhombohedral structure with high crystalline quality.TEM and SEAD indicated that it had a polycrystalline structure,with the growth direction of（102）.EDX and XPS showed that the product was solely composed of Sb,and had high purity.The analysis of the formation mechanism indicated that the structural change of the product is mainly caused by the“rolling”of nano-flakes under the influence of temperature.2.This research discussed the shape-controlled growth mechanism of ZnSb nanomaterials.Based on the discussing above,hexagonal phase ZnSb nanomaterial with higher crystallinity was synthesized in one step using ethylenediamine as solution.Rod-like and flower-like ZnSb low-dimensional nanostructures were successfully synthesized.The research results showed that ZnSb nanoparticles could be synthesized at a low temperature of 140°C.Under the temperature of 160°C-180°C,EDS and XRD showed that purity and crystallinity of the product further increased,and grew into nanorod structures.SEM indicated that nanorods were 180 nm in diameter and 1.4μm in length.XPS showed that the product consisted of Zn and Sb.In the further study of the growth of ZnSb nanorods,morphology and structure of ZnSb nanomaterials were regulated by changing the mixing ratio of ethylenediamine and water in solution.With the mixing ratio increased from0.5:1 to 1:1,crystallinity also rose.It further grew into a nano-flower structure,as higher ethylenediamine concentrations inhibited crystal growth and damaged the structure.The analysis of the formation mechanism of ZnSb proved that the structural change was caused by the template mechanism of ethylenediamine molecules.ZnSb nanorods were used as anodes to test electrochemical performance of lithium ion battery,exhibiting higher specific capacity and cycle stability.After 200 cycles,the nanorods had a reversible lithium storage capacity of 478.5mAh g-1,demonstrating good electrical conductivity. |
