Study On Immunoassays And Environmental Investigations Of Tetrabromobisphenol A And Its Typical Derivatives/Byproducts

Tetrabromobisphenol A?3,3',5,5'-tetrabromobisphenol A,TBBPA?and its derivatives are a kind of brominated aromatic compounds.They were regarded as the most widely utilized brominated flame retardants?BFRs?in the world,accounting for good flame retardancy and thermal stability.With the production and application of TBBPA and its derivatives,many derivatives and non-purposed byproducts would emerge in the environments by many pathways.The environmental distribution,fate and toxicity of TBBPA analogs have not been studied.It is essential to establish appropriate analytical methods for the investigation of TBBPA and its derivatives/byproducts in environment.Tetrabromobisphenol A mono?allyl?ether?TBBPA-MAE?hapten TM₆ was synthesized and conjugated to bovine serum albumin and ovalbumin via NHS method to produce an immunogen TM₆-BSA and a coating antigen TM₆-OVA,which was used to immunize BALB/c mice to obtain the antibody.No obvious cross-reaction with other structural analogs of TBBPA-MAE showed that the polyclonal antibody had a high specificity.Based on the polyclonal antibody,a sensitive indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay?ELISA?was estabilished,which has high sensitivity?LOD was 0.9 ng/m L?and specificity?the average recoveries was from 72%to 102%?.The method could be applied for the analysis of TBBPA-MAE in waters.A sensitive time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay?TRFIA?was established using our previously produced polyclonal antibody for the determination of tetrabromobisphenol A bis?2-hydroxyetyl?ether?TBBPA-DHEE?,one of typical tetrabromobisphenol A?TBBPA?derivatives.The standard curve was estabilished under the optimized conditions,such as the working concentration,the contents of methanol,ionic intension and pH value.The detection limit?LOD,based on 90%F/F₀?was 0.27 ng/mL,which was 2.5 times higher than ELISA.Using the TRFIA method,a systematic investigation was implemented at a halogenated flame retardants plant?main sampling site?in Suzhou,Jiangsu province,China.Time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay?TRFIA?was also established for the detection of TBBPA.The standard curve was obtained under the optimized conditions.The method has high sensitivity?LOD was 0.19 ng/mL?and specificity?the average recoveries:74-109%?.A good correlation was obtained between the TRFIA and LC-MS/MS results.The TBBPA concentration was be systematically detected in the BRF factory of Jiangsu and Hunan province.As a result,TBBPA was found in 38 samples out of 136 samples?water,soil,fishes?.The oncentration of TBBPA ranged 0.3 from 22.7 ng/mL in Suzhou,and ranged 0.5from 31.5 ng/m L in Liuyang.This paper developed reliable methods for evaluating the distribution and pollution pattern of TBBPA and its derivative TBBPA-DHEE/byproduct TBBPA-MAE in the environment,which provide basis data imformation for comprehensive evaluation of TBBPA related brominated flame retardants.