| Superhydrophobic surfaces are generally defined as surfaces which have water contact angles higher than 150° and slide angle lower than 10°.When surfaces with contact angles to water and oils higher than 150° simultaneously,the surfaces are called the superamphiphobic surfaces.These superhydrophobic/superamphiphobic surfaces have many practical applications in various areas,such as self-cleaning,anti-icing,anti-fogging,anti-bacteria,anti-corrosion and oil-water separation.Studies showed the rough micro-/nano-scale structures and the low surface energy are key elements to construct the superhydrophobic surface.Up to now,many superhydrophobic surfaces have been successfully fabricated by a great number of methods.However,some organic liquids are easy to spread on the superhydrophobic surfaces,because the surface tension of organic liquids is lower than the superhydrophobic surface.Therefore,the best way to fabricate superoleophobic surfaces is to modify materials using the low surface tension modifier.So far,a variety of superamphiphobic materials with excellent properties have been fabricated by combining special rough micro-/nano-scale structures and the perfluorocarbon compounds with low surface energy.However,most superhydrophobic/superamphiphobic materials are vulnerable to weaken or lose their superlyophobicity after destroyed by the external stress or placed in harsh environments.Therefore,it is significant not only to fabricated superlyophobic material with wear-resistance and chemical ability by a simple,low-cost and short time-consuming method,but also for their extensive application in many fields.The purpose of this paper is to fabricate the multifunctional superlyophobic materials with excellent properties by employing low-cost kaolin particles and different low surface energy compounds,and the method is simple and easy to operate.The main research contents of this paper are as follows:(1)The superhydrophobic materials with excellent properties were fabricated by employing kaolin particles and stearic acid.The as-prepared materials have a higher water contact angle of 159° and lower slide angle.The superhydrophobic fabric can be used as oil absorption material to separate the oil-water mixture,and showed the high oil absorption capacity.Meanwhile,the as-fabricated materials have excellent self-cleaning ability.(2)The superoleophobic-superhyphilic materials were prepared by employing kaolin particles and the perfluorooctanoic acid.The as-fabricated materials showing excellent superlyophobicity to various oils and hexadecane both in air and under water,and oil contact angles under water are a little higher than in air,and they also have lower oil-adhesion ability under water.The as-fabricated superoleophobic-superhyphilic particles could separate different oil-water mixture,and the separation efficiency is higher than 85%.The prepared materials also have good self-cleaning property.(3)The superamphiphobic materials with good properties have been obtained from kaolin particle and trichloro(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyl)silane.The as-fabricated materials have super-repellency to water,oils and hexadecane,they also have outstanding self-cleaning.(4)The wear-resistant multifunctional superamphiphobic materials were obtained by employing kaolin particles,trichloro(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyl)silane and the organosiloxane(diethoxydimethylsilane and methyltriethoxysilane)on various substrates.The as-prepared materials have excellent superamphiphobicity to water,organic liquids and various oils,and their contact angles are higher than 150°.A series of tests of mechanical durability and chemical ability were investigated to measure the properties of the as-fabricated materials,and the materials can still maintain their superamphiphobicity after placed in harsh environments.Meanwhile,the superamphiphobic materials also have excellent self-cleaning and low oil-adhesion properties. |
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