Study On The Properties Of Jute Fiber Of Bangladesh Using(Chemical) Degumming

Jute is a natural bast fiber.Jute fiber is composed of cellulose,hemicelluse,lignin,pectin,fat,ash,and gum.Jute fiber is long.Hence,jute is a natural filament fiber.Jute is soft,shiny and bright in appearance.Jute has a diversified use.Application scope for jute ranges from clothing,geo textile,home textile,technical textile and many more.Like all other fibers,the quality of jute products hugely depends on the quality of the raw materials.The overall quality of jute fiber depends on parameters like strength,elongation,fineness,length,pliability etc.As jute is a natural fiber,it contains a lot of uneven places and unwanted materials in it's surface acts as a natural covering.1 Successful removal of gum and lignin is the first step for further industrial processing and scientific research.For removing these unwanted gum,and making fiber smoother,a chemical treatment is necessary.Lignin is found in the jute fiber in between cellulose and hemicellulose.It acts as cementing agent in between cellulose and hemicellulose.As a result,the main structure becomes firm,rigid and consistent.With an intention to observe the degumming process more preciously,this research was designed with the raw material imported from Bangladesh.The fibers came in bundle form.The jute fibers were prepared by chemical degumming method.There are many methods available for chemical degumming like alkaline treatment,bleaching treatment,acetylation treatment,benzoylation treatment so on.They all have their own merit's and demerit's.We treated jute with mild concentration of chemicals in low temperature for prolonged period.The purpose is to remove the gum,lignin and other impurities but keeping the cellulose content intact.Study involved testing of properties like tensile strength,fineness,moisture content,moisture regain and for surface observation and internal chemical analysis SEM,FTIR were employed.Experimented samples were cleaned then went through alkaline,scouring,bleaching treatment.After treatment a comparison was made with the control sample and treated sample.From the experiment data we found that fiber demonstrated better strength,fineness,color,at the same time through SEM observation it is clear that fiber become clean and smooth.FTIR analysis signals groups was significantly changed.Worthy of mentioning that,Bangladesh is named as the country of “Golden fiber” for it's highest yield per unit area,quality,diverse variety,color and high commercial value.Although the production of jute has increased over last few decades with the development of scientific development and training in cultivation process but jute is losing it's market share,importance and prospect.The land is very suitable for cultivating jute because of rainy weather,low lying land,irrigation support,manpower.In addition,jute is interwoven with Bangladeshi culture and history.Most of the jute and related industries are located in these countries.Bangladesh,India and China jointly contribute more than 99% of the world production.Bangladesh is only exporter of raw jute fiber in the world.