Research Of Preparation Of Polymer Polyols Used In Car Mat Materials With Vegetable Oil

Polyether flexible polyurethane foam plastic is one of the main sources of automotive mat materials.Polyether polyols,the raw material for production of flexible polyurethane foam,derived from petroleum-based polyols.With the increasing depletion of petroleum resources,the production of polyether polyols was limited.More research about the renewable and environmentally friendly vegetable oil-based polyols had turned up.Vegetable oil is a large output,low prices and renewable resources.Vegetable oil-based polyols could be obtained through a series of chemical modification that is used for the preparation of vegetable oil-based polyurethane foam plastic.We adopted soybean oil as raw material,by the epoxidation-open-loop method to get the vegetable oil-base polyether polyol and used acrylic acid as the the open loop reagent to get epoxidized soybean oil acrylate(AESO),then make use of AESO to obtain vegetable oil-based polymer polyether polyols.Vegetable oil-based flexible polyurethane foam plastic,used in car mat materials was prepared with the two kinds of vegetable oil-based polymer polyols.The main work is as follows:1.The epoxidation of soybean oil using the peracids method was studied in this paper.First,epoxy reagent was prepared by hydrogen peroxide,formic acid,sulfuric acid and urea;the epoxidation reaction was carried when the epoxy reagent was added dropwise to a mixture of soybean oil and tetrabutylammonium bromide.Repeated experiments determined the optimum conditions for the synthesis of epoxy soybean oil used the methods of the peroxyacids method.The results show that:the molar ratio of unsaturated double bond,H2O2 and HCOOH was 1:1.8:0.8,sulfuric acid was used in an amount of 0.2%,the temperature of the dropwise addition of the epoxy reagent was 55?,the dropping time was 2h,the reaction temperature was 60? and the reaction time was 5h.Finally we obtained ESO with the epoxy value of 5.8%.IR spectra were used to characterize the structure of ESO.2.Soybean oil-based polyether polyols were synthesized by epoxy soybean oil using methanol as the ring-opening reagent,tetrafluoroborate as catalyst.It has been viewed that the effect of the type of catalyst,amount of catalyst,reaction temperature,reaction time,the mass ratio of epoxy soybean oil and methanol on the hydroxyl value of polyols.The optimum reaction conditions are as follows:fluorine boric acid as catalyst,the reaction temperature was 80?,the reaction time was 4 h,the amount of catalyst was 0.3%of epoxy soybean oil(mass content),the mass ratio of the epoxidized soybean oil and methanol 3:4.IR and NMR spectra were used to characterize the structure of epoxy soybean oil.3.AESO was synthesized by the ring-opening reaction of epoxy soybean oil using acrylic acid as the ring-opening reagent,triphenylphosphine as catalyst and hydroquinone as polymerization inhibitor.AESO had a free radical graft copolymerization with styrene,a dispersing agent under the initiation of azobisisobutyronitrile to obtain the yellow and transparent polymer polyether alcohol(POP).A comprehensive study was performed with the synthesis conditions of AESO,and the structure of AESO is characterized by IR spectra.The influence of the usage of initiator,the feeding ratio and solid content on the performance of the vegetable-based POP was evaluated.4.A series of vegetable oil-based polyurethane flexible foams with different content of vegetable oil were prepared by vegetable oil-based polyether polyols and vegetable oil-based polymer polyether polyols.A comprehensive study was performed with the effects of the different addition amount of vegetable-based polyether polyols and vegetable oil-based polymer polyether polyols on the foaming process,tensile properties and compression properties,and dynamic mechanical properties and thermal decomposition temperature of polyurethane foam.