| Keluke-Tuosu Lake Wetland Nature Reserve is located in the Qaidam Basin desert,semi-desert zone.The Nature Reserve has a variety of wetlands,rivers and swamps,which are in stark contrast to desert ecosystems in the Qaidam Basin.The existence of the Keluke-Tuosu Lake Wetland Nature Reserve plays an important role in maintaining the balance of the entire Qaidam Basin ecosystem.In recent years,with the increase of human development and utilization of nature reserve and climate change in the nature reserves,which make the lake water eutrophication,the increase of land desertification,the shrinkage of freshwater wetland and the impact of wildlife habitats.At present,there are some qualitative descriptions of the ecological problems that exist in Keluke-TuoSu Lake Wetland Nature Reserve.The quantitative study on the ecosystem service value of Keluke-Tuosu Lake Wetland Nature Reserve will help people to further understand the ecological status of the nature reserve,and provide scientific reference for environmental protection,development and planning of the nature reserve.This paper systematically compares the theories and methods of assessing the value of ecosystem services both at home and abroad.According to the characteristics of ecological environment of Keluke-TuoSu Lake Wetland Nature Reserve,which is located in arid desert,fragile ecosystem,low social economy in service area and lack of monitoring data,this paper divides the ecosystem service types and constructs wetland nature reserve ecology system service value evaluation system.Based on the data of remote sensing image data and questionnaire survey,nine ecosystem service values of economic value,ecological value,social and cultural value of wetland nature reserve are respectively evaluated by shadow engineering method,market value method,travel cost method and conditional value evaluation method.The results show that:(1)Based on the ecosystem system classification system proposed by MA,Fisher and Turner,this paper constructs a comprehensive evaluation system of Keluke-TuoSu Lake Wetland Nature Reserve ecosystem service value.The value of Keluke-TuoSu Lake Wetland Nature Reserve ecosystem services is about 4.66 billion yuan that accounts for 9.56%of Haixi Mongolian and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture's GDP in 2015.The results of the assessment have a certain reference for determining the proportion of development and protection in the future development model of Haixi Mongolian and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture.(2)The total value of Keluke-TuoSu Lake Wetland Nature Reserve ecosystem services is 4.66 billion yuan,of which the value of ecosystem services such as flood storage,climate regulation and water purification accounts for 82.55%of the total value.The value of scientific research and education,desertification control,gas regulation,leisure travel accounts for 16.33%of the total value.Water supply value and aquatic product production value only account for 1.12%of the total value.It can be seen that Keluke-TuoSu Lake Wetland Nature Reserve has great value in regulating flood,regulating regional climate and purifying water quality,which is of great significance to maintain the ecological balance of the Qaidam Basin.In the future,the function of the wetland ecosystem should be enhanced.It is significant in maintaining ecological balance of the Qaidam Basin,and the function of the wetland ecosystem should be strengthened in the future.(3)The ecological value of the Keluke-Tuosu Lake Wetland Nature Reserve is the largest,followed by social value and economic value which respectively accounts for 87.5 8%,11.31%and 1.12%of the total value.It also shows that the service provided by the Keluke-Tuosu Lake Wetland Nature Reserve is far more than the value of aquatic product production,ecotourism and animal husbandry.It is more valuable in maintaining the stability of Qaidam Basin's ecological environment.(4)The Willingness to pay of the Keluke-Tuosu Lake Wetland Nature Reserve is 141.7 yuan and the value of the desertification control is 1.43 billion yuan.After regression analysis,it can be found:The probability that the respondents are willing to pay a certain fee for the protection of the ecological environment of the Nature Reserve is related to the age of the respondents and the degree of influence of the ecological environment of the Nature Reserve to the living conditions of the respondents;The willingness to pay of the respondents is positively correlated with the monthly income and the degree of importance of the ecological environment to the respondents,and is negatively correlated with the environmental protection status of the Nature Reserve.(5)Assessing the value of ecosystem services located in the underdeveloped areas of northwest inland arid areas,low population density and lack of monitoring data.Contingent valuation method has strong applicability,it can be used to assess the value of ecosystem services that hasn't direct market transactions.And travel cost method can to assess the value of ecosystem leisure travel. |
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