| Ecosystem is a complex dissipative structure,which can directly or indirectly provide the material and energy needed by human production and life,and has a certain value of ecological services.The value of ecosystem services is a monetary quantitative index of material production,climate regulation,cultural and recreational functions directly or indirectly provided by ecosystem to human beings.The value of ecosystem services is closely related to biomass richness,land use structure and human activities.The development of ecological management and protection work is often based on the scientific evaluation of ecosystem service value.It is very important to analyze the changes of ecosystem service value under the coupling mechanism of various factors for ecological management and ecological construction.Land ecosystem is the most important component of terrestrial ecosystem,which has the characteristics of complex structure,abundant biomass and great degree of change.Quantitative evaluation of ecological benefits has attracted much attention and response in the field of research.Many experts and scholars have conducted in-depth exploration and Research on the calculation of ecosystem services value.The terrain of Tianmu Lake scenic was stepped landform features,and it is a national tourism demonstration area.In recent years,the level of urbanization and tourism has been developing rapidly,and the structure of land use has changed a lot.It is of great theoretical and practical significance to explore the characteristics of the change of ecological service value under the background of land use change in Tianmu Lake scenic area,which is of great theoretical and practical significance for the realization of the overall planning of land use and the ecological protection planning.This article takes the Tianmu Lake scenic spot as the research object.The landscape in the study area is composed of different land,water and biological unit inlay,which presents the horizontal distribution of "mountain".Using the method of combining RS and GIS,the land use status map of the study area is obtained through the interpretation of remote sensing images in 2018 by eCogition,and the research area is divided into 1km x 1km grid,and the grid is used as the research unit.Combined with GIS technology,the dynamic degree of land use and the degree of land use were selected to analyze the change characteristics of land use structure before and after the plan of returning farmland to forest(2018-2030)in the study area.On the basis of the research of Costanza and Xie highland and the actual situation of Tianmu Lake,the value of land ecological service per unit area is revised,and the value of land ecological service in the study area is measured and measured quantitatively on the basis of the characteristics of land use change before and after the planning.By means of sensitivity index and Moran index,the temporal variation and spatial differentiation characteristics of land ecosystem service value are analyzed.The results of the study show that:(1)Before and after the planning,the land use structure in the study area has changed significantly.The area of returning farmland to forest is 38.613 km2.From the distribution area,the reforestation is mainly distributed in the vicinity of Longxing Island adjacent to Tianmu Lake,and the areas with large terrain undulation are also partially distributed;23.986 km2 of cultivated land is occupied by construction.This part of the area is concentrated in the northern Tianmu Lake;the forest ground occupied by the construction is 18.344 km2;the main source of the increase of the wetland is the main source.It is cultivated land,and some construction land has been arranged into wetland;the area of the converted woodland is 15.798 km2,and 13.279 km2 woodland is cultivated as cultivated land.The newly developed woodland is mainly distributed in the area where the water source is well irrigated or the terrain is not very high;there is no obvious change in the area of water in the study period,of which 2.901 km2 The water area was converted into woodland.Meanwhile.Thus,before and after the planning,the conversion relationship between land use types is different.The transformation between cultivated land,woodland and construction land is the most significant.(2)During the planning period,the maximum land use dynamics of the study area was 9.14%and the minimum value was only 0.01%.The dynamic degree of comprehensive land use in the central and northern part of the study area is larger than that in other regions,and the central and northern regions are the hotspots of land use.The land use degree changed greatly during the base year.The spatial difference of land use degree in the Tianmu Lake area was large in the year of the target year,and the land use degree showed a significant agglomeration.The average value and standard deviation of the land use degree of Tianmu Lake scenic area were less than that of the target year in the base period,and the variation coefficient of the base year was slightly less than the target year variation coefficient,and the difference was 0.05.The skewness coefficient of the target land use index is 3 times that of the base year,and the kurtosis coefficient is 0.03 larger than that of the base year.On the spatial distribution,the land use degree of the base period showed 4 hot spots,mainly concentrated in the ring Tianmu Lake area.The target year showed a significant agglomeration compared with the land use degree of the base period,showing only 1 hot areas.(3)The result of the ecosystem service value correction shows that the ecological service value of the construction land ecosystem in the research area is negative,-1992.00 yuan/hm2/a-1,and the value of the ecological service value of other land ecosystem is positive.The ecosystem service value of wetland ecosystem is the largest11hich is 51993.19 yuan/hm2/a·1.Secondly,the service value of the woodland is 18115.96 yuan/hm2/a-1,the ecosystem service value of the garden land ecosystel is 12059.42 yuan/hma-1,the ecological service value of the grassland ecosystem is 6002.89 yuan/hm2/a-1,and the ecological service value of the cultivated land ecosystem is 5729.10 yuan/hm2/a-1.(4)The value sensitivity analysis of ecosystem services showed that the value of ecosystem services of forest land and wetland ecosystem was inelastic to the total ecosystem service value.The sensitivity index of other land ecosystems is greater than 1,and from high to low is wetland,construction land,water area and cultivated land.The impact of the increase of construction land area on the change of ecosystem service value in Tianmu Lake scenic area is significant.(5)The ecological ecosystem service value of Tianmu Lake scenic area has significant positive correlation in the overall situation,the annual Mulan index of the planning period is 0.53,the annual Mulan index of the planning target is 0.58,and the overall trend is slightly upward trend.The value of ecosystem services has certain agglomeration and diffusion effects. |
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