Preparation And Hydrogenation Activity Of Catalyst Of Metal Nanoparticles Supported On NFC

With the gradual depletion of non-renewable petroleum resources,the development of renewable fuels or chemicals derived from biomass to replace traditional petroleum-based chemicals is gaining more and more attention.In this paper,NFC was used as a versatile carrier of Ru,Fe and Cu nanoparticles to enhance their performance in the catalytic transfer hydrogenation(CTH)of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF)into 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan(BHMF).Firstly,the Ru@NFC,RuFe@NFC and RuCu@NFC catalysts were prepared by co-precipitation method,and characterized by SEM-EDX,TEM,FT-IR,XRD,TG,and XPS techniques.The SEM-EDX results indicated that NFC has a long rod-shaped with a diameter of about 50-80 nm,and the Ru,Fe and Cu metal particles were well-distributed on the surface of NFC.The diameter of the Ru,Fe,and Cu metal particles is about 3-5 nm.The XPS results evidenced the presence of Ru,Fe,and Cu element on the surface of NFC,and Ru existed in the form of Ru3 d and Ru3 p,Fe existed in the form of Fe2 p,and Cu existed in the form of Cu2 p.The FT-IR and XRD results revealed that the loading of metal particles on the surface of NFC has a certain influence on the crystal structure of NFC.And the TG analysis further confirmed that NFC had a good thermal stability under the temperature of 210 °C.Furthermore,the effects of Ru@NFC,RuFe@NFC and RuCu@NFC on the CTH of HMF into BHMF were studied in detail.The results showed that the optimal reaction conditions for the preparation of BHMF by Ru@NFC were as following: reaction temperature was 210 °C;reaction time was 12 h;catalyst dosage was 0.05 g(Ru 0.89 mg).Under this condition,the HMF conversion was 98.4%,and the yield of BHMF was 98.3%.However,the HMF conversion along with BHMF yield decreased with the increase of Ru@NFC catalyst recycling times.When the catalyst was used for three times,the yield of BHMF was 71.1% and the recovery and utilization efficiency of the catalyst was only 72.3%.The optimal reaction conditions for the preparation of BHMF by RuFe@NFC were as following: reaction temperature was 210 °C;reaction time was 8 h;catalyst dosage was 0.05 g(Ru 0.79 mg).Under this condition,HMF conversion was 97.1%,and the yield of BHMF was 97%.When the RuFe@NFC catalyst was used for three times,the yield of BHMF was 80.9% and the recovery and utilization efficiency of the catalyst was only 83.4%.And a 97.0% of HMF conversion with 91.5% of BHMF yield could be obtained at the reaction temperature of 210 °C;reaction time of 12 h;catalyst dosage of 0.09 g(Ru 0.72 mg).And RuCu@NFC was a robust catalyst that could be continuously used at least third times without significant loss in its catalytic activity,is 89.4%.