Porous Carbon Materials Derived From Poly (Ionic Liquids)s And Their Electrochemical Performance

Porous carbon materials have become a research hotspot in catalysis and energy storage and transformation due to their wide source of precursors,cheap price and commercial production,as well as their large specific surface area,good electrical conductivity and developed pore structure.The polymerization of IL monomers created a new family of polymers with a charged group（cation or anion）as a repeating unit.PILs inherit their unique properties from ILs,and polymerization brings new functionalities,such as enhanced shape stability,improved processability,flexibility,as well as improved control over the meso-to-nanostructures.Based on this,the biomass carbon materials were prepared by using the poly（ionic liquid）as the main raw material and the natural protein as the source of heteroatoms,which were applied to the electrode materials of supercapacitors.At the same time,graphene oxide and melamine were introduced into the base of polyionic liquid to prepare carbon materials,so as to improve the stability and catalytic activity of electrocatalysis.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）,Raman,nitrogen adsorption and desorption,X-ray powder diffraction（XRD）and transmission electron microscopy（TEM）were used to characterize the structure of carbon materials.A typical three-electrode test cells in electrolyte was used for electrochemical measurement on the electrochemical working station（CHI660E,Chenghua,Shanghai China）.cyclic voltammetry（CV）,linear scanning（LSV）,constant current charge-discharge（GCD）and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy（EIS）were used to test the catalytic activity and stability of carbon materials.The thesis is mainly divided into the following three parts:1.The biomacromolecule Zein was complexed with a hydrophobic PIL via electrostatic interaction under different mass scale.The as-formed complex film was utilized as the precursor to prepare a novel micro-/mesoporous carbon（ZC-X）at 1000^oC.Our studies demonstrated that the as-obtained porous carbon was successfully doped by N and S with the narrow micro-/mesopores distribution.All the measurements were carried out in 2 M KOH electrolyte at room temperature.The specific capacitance of ZC-10 can be as high as 338 F g^-1.Its capacitance remains higher than 145 F g^-1 after 5000 cycles at a current density of 0.2 A g^-1.These novel porous carbon material are desirable for applications in supercapacitor devides.2.Poly（ionic liquid）was mixed with graphite oxide via in situ under different mass rate.The as-formed complex film was used as the precursor to prepare a novel micro-/mesoporous carbon（GC-X）at 1000 ^oC.The specific surface area of GC-7 was found to be 724 m² g^-1.Hydrogen evolution reaction（HER）and oxygen evolution reaction（OER）were measured in 0.5m H₂SO₄ and 1M KOH electrolytes.The overpotential（η）of GC-7 at 10 mA cm^-2 is 112 mV,indicating GC-7 had better catalytic performance.3.Melamine as a rich source of nitrogen was complexed with poly（ionic liquid）in asitu under different mass ratio.The as-formed complex film was used as the precursor to prepare a novel micro-/mesoporous carbon（NC-X）at 1000 ^oC.The specific surface area of NC-7 was found to be 334 m² g^-1.Hydrogen evolution reaction（HER）were conducted in 0.5 M H₂SO₄ electrolytes.The overpotential（η）of NC-7 at 10 mA cm^-2 is 117 mV,showing NC-7 had better catalytic performance.