Research On The Changes Of Main Nutrients And Functional Substances During Germination Of Sesame Seeds

The sesame seed itself contains a variety of nutritional and functional components.However,the research on sesame is mainly focused on sesame products,such as sesame sauce,sesame oil and black sesame paste.There are few studies on the changes of main components after germination of sesame seeds.Unknowingly,germination is one of the natural ways to improve the nutritional function of food.In this paper,we studied on the changes of main nutrients and functional components during sesame germination through the research on the effect of temperature,water and light on the growth index of sesame and main nutrition index under optimum germination conditions which is determined by the germ length.We also studied on the physiological function of sesame through the animal experiments which were published through researching on protective effects of anti-oxidation of sesame buds in vitro and acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride in vivo in mice.This paper provides a reference for the diversification of sesame products.?1?With the increase of temperature?20³5??,the length of the sesame germ and the root of the embryo gradually increased,the diameter of the shaft had no obvious change,the total sugar content increased by 11.90%,the crude fat content decreased by 31.02%,and the crude fiber content increased by 3.69%.Under the condition of full illumination?12000 Lux?,the germ length of sesame bud decreased by 14.81 mm,the total sugar content increased by11.93%,and the crude fiber content increased by about 1%.When the ratio of water to sesame was 1.5 times,the length of embryo and radicle of sesame bud was long,and the main nutrient components had no obvious change.Taking the length of sesame germ as reference index,the optimum germination conditions of sesame bud were as follows:soaking sesame seed in 1.5 times water ratio,no light illumination,and controlling germination temperature at30³5?.In addition,with the increase of light intensity?0¹2000 Lux?,the content of total sugar in sesame bud first increased and then decreased,and the content of total sugar reached the maximum value of 48.80%in 4800 Lux,and the content of linoleic acid first increased and then decreased.When the light intensity is 4800 Lux,the maximum value is49.01%.The content of total unsaturated fatty acids decreased obviously,but the total content of unsaturated fatty acids was more than 80%in comparison with non-photometric photography.Although the Sn-2 fatty acids in sesame buds were affected by different light intensity,the main Sn-2 fatty acids were still composed of oleic acid and linoleic acid.?2?During the germination of sesame seeds?0⁷2 h?,the length of radicle and hypocotyl,the fresh weight of sesame seed increased,while the diameter of axon did not change significantly.The content of crude fiber among Zheng Zhi HL05,Zhu Zhi 19 and Gan Zhi 10 increased from 3.42%,3.45%,3.02%to 8.10%,9.14%,8.12%in the process of germination respectively.The total sugar content increased from 12.09%,10.82%,10.77%to30.45%,30.03%,23.72%,and the crude fat content decreased by about 50%.The results of correlation analysis showed that the total sugar content was negatively correlated with the crude fat content during the germination of sesame seeds,and was positively correlated with the crude fiber content,the length of the hypocotyl,radicle,the diameter of the axis,and the content of the crude fiber was negatively correlated with the content of the crude fat.There was a significant positive correlation between the crude fat content and the length of the hypocotyl,radicle and the diameter of the axis.When three varieties?Gan Zhi 10,Zhu Zhi 19and Zheng Zhi HL05?germinated for 4 days,the contents of sesamin decreased respectively from 122.19,97.11,104.16 mg/100g to 16.78,14.97,16.03 mg/100g,and the content of sesamolin decreased from 44.28,36.03,40.58 mg/100g to 22.35,22.10,22.34 mg/100g.The contents of sesamol and total phenol increased significantly that the former increased from4.91,8.47,5.12 mg/100g to 91.92,86.47 and 82.04 mg/100g,and the other one increased from 1.74,2.28,6.24 mg/g to 13.8,14.15,13.49 mg/g.On the 4th day of germination of sesame seed,the scavenging and reducing ability of DPPH·radical increased obviously,the antioxidant ability of sesame bud increased sharply.The content of linoleic acid decreased and the content of linolenic acid increased during 72 h of germination of sesame.The composition of main fatty acids did not change before and after germination of sesame,and the content of total unsaturated fatty acids was more than 80%,and the calcium content increased by27.81%,30.35%and 11.21%respectively.After 4 days of germination of sesame,the content of palmitic acid in the Sn-2 site increased from 1.00%,2.17%,1.82%to 6.02%,7.54%,5.64%,respectively.The content of stearic acid at the Sn-2 site increased from 0.66%,1.50%,1.63%to 4.52%,5.44%,4.34%,respectively.Sn-2 linoleic acid reduced by about 8¹0%.The main Sn-2 fatty acids are Sn-2 oleic acid and Sn-2 linoleic acid.The branched chain amino acid,the flavor amino acid and the bitter amino acid all reach maximum one day after the germination of sesame.On the 5th day of germination,the content of the flavor amino acid increased from 27.01 mg/100g to 288.9 mg/100g,the total content of the essential amino acid increased by 46.63 mg/100g,and the total free amino acid content increased by 4.48times.?3?The vitro antioxidation test showed that the scavenging capacity of DPPH·increased and the reduction ability of sesame bud increased continuously in the range of 0.15⁰.90mg/mL with the increase of concentration as the water extract of sesame bud was within the range of 0.2¹.0 mg/mL concentration.The determination results of OH·clearance showed that the OH scavenging ability of water extract of sesame bud increased within the range of0.2¹.0 mg/mL concentration.Animal experiments in vivo showed that the body mass of the positive control group was significantly different from that of the model group?P<0.05?,the liver index of the model group was significantly different from that of the normal group?P<0.01?,and there was a significant difference between the model group and the positive control group?P<0.01?.The blood indexes of mice showed that bifendate drug had obvious inhibitory effect on the content of ALT in serum of mice.SWE of the low,medium and high dose groups have different degrees of reduction,but still did not reach their normal level of ALT.And the low,middle and high dose groups of SWE had a good inhibitory effect on the level of AST in the serum of mice.The results showed that compared with the model group,the content of SOD in the low,middle,high dose and positive control group was significantly higher than that in the model group?P<0.01?.The content of GSH in the high-dose SWE group has a significant increase?P<0.05?,and the MDA content in the low,middle,high dose and the positive control group decreased significantly?P<0.01?,which indicated that SWE had a better protective effect on the acute liver injury induced by CCl₄ in mice.Combined with the observation of liver sections,SWE groups had protective effects on acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride in different degrees.