Demand Analysis Of Water Management Systems In Monrovia(Liberia)and Waste Treatment Based On Eco-sanitation

The global population reached 7.6 billion people as of June 2017.It is expected to reach about 8.6 billion by 2030 and further increase to 9.8 billion by 2050.Africa and Asia account for nearly all current population growth,although Africa is expected to be the main contributor beyond 2050.The combination of population growth,high demand for water and the depletion of phosphate in the next couple of years are few of the challenges engineers and environmentalist are faced with and one of the best ways to solving these problems is through the usage of the 5Rs of wastewater(Reduce,Replace,Recover,Recycle and Reuse).Source-separated urine being unique wastewater,containing high contents of phosphorus,nitrogen,biodegradables organic matters,and salinity.The aim of this paper was to study the Demand analysis of water management systems in Monrovia(Liberia)and waste treatment based on eco-sanitation.Liberia is located on the west coast of Africa;it is border by Sierra Leone,Ivory Coast,Guinea,and the Atlantic Ocean respectively.With 64% of the population within the country getting their water from dug well,this is term contaminated and unsafe for drinking.14.5% is connected to piped service,while a large amount within the city is not connected to the sewerage network.Traces of open defecation within the city owing to the lack of communal and public latrines,high level of eutrophication into water bodies due to the discharges of the little connected sewerage network.Water quality is a challenge due to the fact that most of the piped water and sewerage infrastructure is not functioning.Solid waste management is still a challenge due to improper collections and disposal.With more than 1.4 million living on less than US$ 0.50 per day,the is an urgent need to address the deficiencies within the service delivery systems in the water and wastewater sector and create the platform for new ideas and technology in water supply and wastewater systems.With the fast economic recovery and social stabilization within the country(Liberia),while environmental sustainability and investment in new technologies remain on the radar of government,phosphorus recovery through source separated urine brings a package that will help solve some of the many problems the country is faced with ranging from environmental,water supply,wastewater,social and agriculture.Chapter 2 studies the efficiencies of P-recovery from source separated urine as struvite precipitation,using MgCl2,seawater for magnesium sources and synthetic wastewater.Chapter 3 studies the partial,shortcut and combined partial nitration and anammox process of P-removal in a sequencing batch reactor(SBR).Chapter 4 discusses the production of greenhouse gases in septic tank and its inhibiting factors,taking into consideration the continuous flow septic tank and nitrite generated from source-separated urine.Chapter 5 brings these novel ideas to the landscape of Liberia with the impact of all the above-mentioned experiments and their implementations in Liberia,in the future as this paper concludes.