| To explore the phenotypic variation pattern,the phenotypic traits and nutrient composition of 198 individuals from19 Carya dabieshanensis populations are determined and analyzed in this study.Based on fatty acid components and the characteristics of mineral elements,we screened individual plants and populations with potential for breeding according to comprehensive performance.The results as follows:1.The 16 phenotypic traits of C.dabieshanensis are significantly different between and within populations.The variability of phenotypic traits among different populations range from 1.64% to26.59%,with an average coefficient of variation of 9.96%.Among all phenotypic traits,the coefficient of variation of terminal leaf width is the largest(CV=18.66%),and the fruit shape index is the smallest(CV=2.98%).The average coefficient of variation of fruit phenotypic traits(CV=6.02%)was lower than that of leaf traits(CV=15.42%),that is to say,the fruit phenotype was more stable than leaf phenotype.The correlation analysis among phenotypic traits shows that there are 37 pairs of highly significant correlation among traits and 9 pairs of significantly correlated traits.The average phenotypic differentiation coefficient among populations is 61.46%,indicating that the phenotypic variation of C.dabieshanensis is mainly attributed to among populations.In terms of the selection of germplasm resources with excellent phenotypes,the populations of JWB,JWC,JGX,JSL and JSW performed well and could be used to select high quality C.dabieshanensis with thin-shell and high yielding seed.2.Fatty acids are the main nutritional components of C.dabieshanensis.And the content of fatty acids,especially unsaturated fatty acids,has become an important index to measure fruit quality.The oil content of C.dabieshanensis is 65.40±2.75% and mainly contains eight kinds of fatty acids.The order of the content of each component from large to small is as follows: oleic acid(74.98±4.34%)> linoleic acid(15.49±4.01%)> palmitic acid(5.89±0.36%)> stearic acid(1.77±0.18%)> α-linolenic acid(1.28±0.24%)> cis-11-eicosanoic acid(0.22±0.02%)> palmitoleic acid(0.19±0.04%)> arachidic acid(0.16±0.01%).There are saturated fatty acids average account for 7.82±0.41%,and unsaturated fatty acids average account for 92.18±0.41%.The average variation coefficient of eight fatty acids was5.16%,and the range of variation was 0.45-24.32%.The average variation coefficient of fatty acids was lower than that of phenotypic traits.The correlation analysis among phenotypic traits shows that there are 27 pairs of highly significant correlation among traits.JSW,JGT and JGS populations haveexcellent fatty acid content and proportion,and JGZ01,JGX06,JGX07,JGX11,JGX20,JGN14,JTY10 and JTY15 are excellent individual plants3.C.dabieshanensis seed kernels are rich in mineral elements.The average contents of 11 mineral elements are in the order of K > P > Mg > Ca > Mn > Zn > Fe > B > Cu > Na > Se.The highest average content is K with 3608.42±577.74 mg/kg,followed by P with 2384.84±266.58mg/kg,and the lowest is Se with only 0.093±0.0059mg/kg.The variation average coefficient of 11 mineral elements was 18.73%,ranging from 2.71% to 97.21%.The coefficients of variation between populations were higher than those within populations and the variation average coefficients of mineral elements were higher than those of phenotypic and fatty acids traits.The correlation analysis of elements shows that 29 pairs are highly significantly correlated,and 3 pairs are significantly correlated.The HTB,JCZ,JGS and JGT populations have good comprehensive quality of mineral elements,and JWZ 03,JWZ 09,JWZ14,JWZ 15,JWC 01 and JGN 11 are excellent individual plants.4.The comprehensive evaluation of 19 population germplasm resources showed that 3populations such as JSW,JGS and JGT were excellent comprehensive population.The main information is as follows: JSW population has excellent fatty acid content and proportion,thin shell,excellent phenotype,highly fresh seed yield and kernel yield.It is a highly quality population with high yield,good nutrition and beautiful appearance.The JGS population has excellent fatty acid ratio and mineral element content,which is rich in nutrients and high kernel yield.The JGT populations has excellent miineral elements and fatty acids and are the small fruit of C.dabieshanensis with good and high nutrition value.The single plant with excellent comprehensive performance is JGX11,which has excellent phenotype,rich nutrition and higher yield.It can be used as the parent plant with high quality to expand propagation.In this study,we found the natural population of C.dabieshanensis had rich phenotypic diversity and its kernel was also abundant in nutrients through analyzing the phenotypic characters and nutritional contents of this hickory,which provides the theoretical basis for the breeding and the quality improvement of C.dabieshanensis as well as an important guarantee for the healthy development of its industry. |
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