Preparation Of Functional Nanomaterials By Liquid-Liquid Interface Reaction And Its Application In Environment

Nowadays,the environmental problems of the world have been paid more and more attention,with the development of functional nanomaterial technology,people begin to apply it to the pollution control,and have achieved remarkable effect.In this study,a method of liquid-liquid interface reaction with low cost,simple operation,mild reaction condition and easy control was used to produce elementary substance?Se?,binary compound?TiO₂,Cu₂O,CuS?,ternary chemical?BiOCl?and composites?BiOCl/TiO₂?with special morphological structures.A series of characterization of the samples were carried out,and the properties of the samples to·O₂,the adsorption properties of the dye wastewater,the photocatalytic degradation of the organic wastewater and the sulfonamide antibiotic were also explored.The specific findings are as follows:?1?Spherical,Stick and acicular nanometer Se were prepared by liquid-liquid interface reaction.The effect of different reaction conditions on the appearance structure of Se was investigated,and the reason of its morphology was explained.The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction analyzer?XRD?,energy-scattering fluorescence spectrometer?EDX?,scanning electron microscope?SEM?and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer?UV-vis?.The capacity of·O₂ eliminate was studied.The results show that when the pH<3.0,the product is a sphere with a particle size of about 200 nm.When the pH value is 3.0⁶.0,the particles began to change from a spherical shape to a rod shape.The product was a rod structure formed by linking two or more balls;When the pH>6.0,the product began to transform into a linear needle-like structure.As the pH value of the reaction increases,the color of Se begins to convert from red to gray and black.When the reaction temperature increases,the morphology of the sample is also gradually converted into a spherical shape.The prepared nanometer red Se has a strong anti-oxidation performance,and the elimination rate of·O₂ is up to 54.35%.?2?The nanometer spherical TiO₂ was successfully prepared by liquid-liquid interface reaction.The samples were characterized by XRD,SEM and UV-vis.Besides,the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue by spherical TiO₂ was investigated.The results show that the purity of TiO₂ prepared by liquid-liquid interface reaction is ultrahigh.The particle morphology of the sample is regular spherical,and the particle size is about 150nm uniformly.The photocatalytic degradation rate of methylene blue was 98.08%when the initial concentration of methylene blue was 10mg/L,the content of TiO₂ was 0.5g/L and the concentration of H₂O₂ was 0.05%,under 125W high-pressure mercury lamp about 1h.?3?Self-assembled cubic nano-porous Cu₂O film was successfully prepared by liquid-liquid interfacial reaction.The effects of different reaction conditions on the morphology of Cu₂O film were investigated.The sample was analyzed by SEM,XRD.The influence factors for absorption of p-cresol red dyes including the time of absorption,the concentration of P-cresol red dyes solution,the pH,the dosage of adsorbent,the temperature of reaction had been investigated,and the adsorption kinetics and the adsorption isotherm also were studied in the experiment.The results show that the product was cubic porous and uniform separated Cu₂O film with an average length of 200⁵00nm,The thickness of film is about 600nm.The sample has good adsorption effect for P-cresol red dyes solution,the experimental data is described with the pseudo-second kinetic model,it is suitable Freundlich isotherm model,under the following conditions:adsorption time is 60min,solution concentration is 30mg/L,the pH value is 2.00,the dosage of Cu₂O was 0.02g,the reaction temperature is 30?,the adsorption ratio reach above 86.37%.The sample has good degradation for sulfonamide solution,The influence factors for degradation the time of illumination,the concentration of sulfonamide solution,the pH,the dosage of Cu₂O,the volume of H₂O₂,and the experimental data was described with the L-H?Langmuir-Hinshelwood?first kinetic model,under the following conditions:illumination time is 40min,solution concentration is 20mg/L,the pH is 1.80,the dosage of Cu₂O is 0.02g,The degradation ratio is 78.06%,After adding H₂O₂ to the catalytic system,the degradation rate and the degradation rate will be obviously increased,the H₂O₂ can complete degradation and the degradation rate can reach88.55%when the volume 0.05mL is added.?4?Self-assembled CuS Flower-like Nanospheres was successfully prepared by liquid-liquid interfacial reaction.The sample was analyzed by XRD,SEM,EDX and UV-vis.The photocatalytic degradation of phenolic compounds under different conditions was studied.The results show that the product is a flower-like cus nanometer ball with a radius of 600⁹00nm.The ball has a good photocatalytic degradation effect on phenol,which accords with the first-level kinetic model of photocatalytic degradation.Under the optimal conditions,the degradation ratio of phenol is up to 68.54%,the degradation ratio of catechol is up to 85.31%,the degradation ratio of resorcinol is 79.56%,and the degradation ratio of hydroquinone is up to 94.99%.?5?The"sandwich"type BiOCl/TiO₂ composite was successfully prepared by liquid-liquid interface reaction.and the material was characterized by SEM,XRD.The photocatalytic degradation performance of sulfapyridine was studied.The results show that the product is BiOCl/TiO₂ composite,wherein the BiOCl is a layered structure,the TiO₂ is a spherical structure,and the TiO₂ nanosphere is uniformly inlaid in the middle of the BiOCl layered structure,forming a special"sandwich"type structure,the composite has a good photocatalytic degradation of sulfonamide,accords with the first kinetic model of photocatalytic degradation,under the optimal conditions,the photocatalytic degradation rate of sulfonamide can reach 92.16%.