Research On Habitat Quality Evaluation Of Shengjin Lake Wetland Based On The 3S Technology

Shengjin Lake Wetland is located in Chizhou Anhui Province,in the Yangtze River Basin.It is located in the two counties of Dongzhi and Guichi.The protected area is rich in biological resources and diverse in habitat types.However,with the rapid development of social economy and the wider range of human activities,the ecological environment of Shengjin Lake is getting worse and worse,which brings severe challenges to the ecological protection and sustainable development of protected areas.This paper selects the Landsat remote sensing image of the Shengin lake protection area in 1986,1990,1995,2000,2004,2008,2011 and 2015 as the basic research data source.The remote sensing interpretation and supervised classification were used to extract the landscape information of the land use of the Shengjin Lake wetland,and the landscape type map of the eight-stage protected area was generated.Combined with the singleness and comprehensive dynamic degree of landscape type,landscape pattern index and landscape type area transfer matrix,the characteristics and changes of landscape pattern of Shengjin Lake were analyzed systematically.On the basis of the above,the InVEST-Habitat Quality model is used to comprehensively evaluate the ecological environment quality of Shengjin Lake,and the spatial variation characteristics of habitat degradation degree,habitat quality and habitat scarcity in the eight stages of the protected area are obtained.The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1)From 1986 to 2015,the landscape area of the Shengjin Lake wetland has changed greatly in the past 30 years.The Shengjin Lake Wetland was dominated by dryland landscape,woodland landscape and water landscape in 1986.With the acceleration of urbanization,the natural wetland landscape decreased and the land construction land growth rate increased.In 2011,the growth rate of construction land slowed down,but it is still rising.(2)Between 1986 and 2015,it can be seen that the dynamic growth rate of single landscape type construction land is the fastest.Combined with the dynamic degree of the integrated landscape type,it can be seen that the overall dynamic degree of the landscape type of Shengjin Lake is high,indicating that the landscape area changes frequently under the disturbance of human social activities.(3)Using Fragstats software to calculate the landscape pattern of Shengjin Lake wetland,the results show that the overall fragmentation degree of the Shengjin Lake wetland landscape is higher.the patch structure changes frequently,and the landscape diversity is relatively high.The three index fluctuations of plaque density(PD),maximum plaque index(LPI)and average plaque area(AREA-MN)in the ginseng type of Shengjin Lake wetland were larger,and landscape plaques alternated frequently.Changes in landscape horizontal pattern patch number(NP),patch density(PD),aggregation index(AI),Shannon diversity index(SHDI)and Shannon Average Index(SHEI)landscape index in the study area,The degree of dispersal of landscape patches is intensified,the landscape type areas are homogenized,and the landscape types tend to be fragmented,which is consistent with the fact that human activity disturbances and urbanization expansion in the study area.(4)Using the spatial analysis tool in ArcGIS to obtain the landscape transfer matrix of the Shengjin Lake landscape type,the results show that the water area landscape and paddy field landscape are larger in the landscape types of the Shenjin Lake wetland from 1986 to 2015,large areas of paddy fields,woodland landscapes and dryland landscapes.The paddy field landscape is transferred out and the transfer area is larger.The landscape transferred to the main grassland and waterland landscape type,but mainly turned out to be a dryland landscape.(5)Combined with the landscape pattern change and InVEST-Habitat Quality model,the Habitat Quality of Shengjin Lake was analyzed comprehensively.The results analyzed the impact of landscape pattern evolution on the ecological environment.The plaque types in the Shengjin Lake wetland landscape change frequently,and the overall fragmentation degree of the landscape is intensifying.These effects lead to an increase in the overall habitat degradation of Shengjin Lake,and the habitat quality declines to varying degrees.Due to the disturbance of human activities and the landscape type,the habitat quality around the expanded waters of the urbanization is stepped down.The Shengjin Lake wetland habitat is highly scarce,the landscape types change frequently,and the ecological environment structure and function stability are poor.During the study period,the paddy field landscape,the waters and the surrounding beaches changed frequently,and the scope of human activities became wider and wider,which aggravated the original.Interference in the ecological environment.