The Establishment Of HACCP System For Surimi Production And The Design Of Fish-scale Remover For Fish Pretreatment

China is a big country of production,trade and consumption of aquatic products,fishery is an important industry of agriculture and national economy.The output of aquatic products has been the first in the world in 26 years,accounting for more than 1/3 of the global aquatic product output,which provides 1/4 high-quality animal protein for dietary nutrition of urban and rural residents.However,the proportion of industrial processing of freshwater fish in China is relatively low,the production equipment is comparatively backward?and the corresponding quality and safety management system is not perfect,resulting in the relationship between supply and demand in China's freshwater fish market is not stable,which greatly influenced by season and region,the market competitiveness of freshwater fish products is weak.In view of the above situation,this topic is studied and discussed from two main aspects.On the one hand,according to the actual situation of A company,we establish a relatively complete set of production system of HACCP,various conditions need for the establishment of the HACCP system are described and discussed,which provides a reference for the similar enterprises in China.On the other hand,according to the actual needs of freshwater fish processing,we design a more reasonable structure,more stable conditions to scale equipment,and its main structure,working principle and design idea are expounded.From the point of view of mechanics,the working principle of the fish scale equipment and the design reference formula of the main components are analyzed and discussed,providing a basis for the subsequent optimization and debugging of the fish scale equipment.According to the actual situation of A company and the hazard analysis of physical,chemical and biological aspects through all aspects of the production of surimi in the company,we determine the critical control points of the production process:CCP1-the acceptance of fresh fish,CCP2-the cleaning of fish blocks,CCP3-the addition of supplementary materials,CCP4-metal detection,CCP5-quick freezing and cooling.The corresponding critical limits are as follows:CL1-safety certification and sensory test report provided by the supplier in accordance with the requirements,parasites and pesticide residues should not be detected;CL2-the temperature range of fish washing and rinsing is 10±2?;CL3-sugar 4%,sorbitol 0.05%,tripolyphosphate 0.1%,pyropolyphosphate 0.1%;CL4-Fe??p2.5mm and SuS??3.0mm should not be detectable in the product;CL5-meet the central temperature of surimi below-18?.The scale removing equipment is mainly composed of rack,fish scale unit,clamping unit,washing system,waste residue disposal unit,control system and transportation unit.The frame is used to install and accommodate all the functional units and parts of the equipment.The scale removing unit consist of both sides to scale unit device and back to scale device,which is mainly composed of a spring off the scales and the center axis and other auxiliary parts.Spring off the scales and the center axis through the auxiliary parts are combined together to form a scale to roll ofr the scales by contact spring and fish scales over the rotation of the rollers,the speed difference between the fish scale spring and the fish body is formed,and the scale is removed by the force between the spring wire and the fish scale.The main function of the clamp roller is to clamp the fish body so that it can move steadily and ensure the stability of the fish body during the fish scale process.The function of the washing system is to maintain the cleaning of all parts of the fish scale equipment,and to rinse the functional units of the fish scale equipment and the inside of the shell.The main function of waste residue treatment unit is to separate and treat waste residue and waste water.The function of the control system is to control components,which are used to scale off the functional units of the fish scale,such as motors and valves,so as to control the start and stop of each functional unit,the direction of movement and the speed of movement and etc,so that the scale scale equipment is more intelligent and controllable.The function of the transport unit is mainly to transport the fish body to make it move steadily and to transport to the next station smoothly.The main structure of the transport unit is the drive wheel,the moving wheel,the tensioning wheel,the conveyor chain and so on.The way of chain transport can have a certain clamping effect on the fish body?making the movement of the fish more stable.The influence factors of fish entering the scale equipment are the radius of clamping roller R,the distance between pairs of clamping rollers h,the external thrust F1 and the type of compression spring.When F1=0,the design of its clamp angle should meet ??2tg-1?=2?,and?=2cos-1[2R+h]/2(R+r),so you can refer to cos-1[2R+h]/2(R+r)?tg-1?=? to design the pinch roller according to different size of fish and refer to k?x?38.2??x=(2r-h)/2 to select a suitable compression spring.When F1?0,the fish enters the fish scale equipment and is subjected to external thrust F1.The thrust can be set with reference to 9.9 ?Fi?106.8.In the process of removing fish scales?the linear speed of the rotation of the pinch roller should be less than the line speed when the descaler rotates,and the relationship between the rotation speed and the rotation speed of the pinch roller should meet the requirement of RN<R2N2.The pressure of the fish scale spring and pinch roller compression spring on the fish body should meet the requirements of P2'<P'=58.7.The selection of the fish scale roller and the distance between the pair of fish scale springs can be designed and adjusted according to the different sizes of fishes with reference to k(r-h2)?3.43.