Studies On Occurrence Of And Human Exposure To Typical Environmental Endocrine Disrupting Contaminants In China

With the development of industry and the diversification of people's needs,many harmful pollutants were released into environment matrices.Environment endocrine-disrupting contaminants(EDCs)is a kind of xenobiotic,including tetrabromobisphenol A and its analogues(TBBPAs),benzothiazoles(BTHs),benzotriazoles(BTRs)and heavy metals,which caused the disorders of hormone secretion.Due to their excellent physicochemical properties,TBBPAs,BTHs and BTRs are widely used in different areas,including industrial production and commercial products.The dosage of these compounds in our country and the world is considerable.Toxicological and epidemiological studies have shown that EDCs are associated with the potential endocrine disrupting effects,which caused adverse effects to human and some animals.In recent years,more and more attentions were focused on EDCs.There were many reports about the occurrence of these compounds in environment matrices and human body.However,researches on the occurrence,distribution profiles and human exposure of TBBPAs,BTHs and BTRs in China was limited.Therefore,we studied these scientific questions in this paper,and the contents are as following:(1)The instrumental methods for TBBPAs,BTHs and BTRs were established using UPLC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS.The pretreatment methods for indoor dust samples and mollusk samples were also established.(2)Concentration of TBBPA,TBBPS and TCBPA were detected in indoor dust samples collected from 23 provinces and 2 municipalities in China.TBBPA was the predominant component among the three analogues(contribution to the total concentrations: ?88.3%),with a concentration range of not detected(nd)to 1840 ng/g(mean: 43.3 ng/g).The highest total concentration of TBBPAs(?3TBBPAs;sum of TBBPA,TBBPS and TCBPA)was found in indoor dust samples collected from Eastern China,ranging from 6.84 to 1850 ng/g(mean: 178 ng/g).Based on the concentrations measured,human daily intake levels of TBBPA,TBBPS and TCBPA through ingestion,dermal contact and inhalation of dust were estimated.Dust ingestion was the major way of human exposure to TBBPAs among three pathways.The mean daily intake of children through dust ingestion was 3300 pg/kg bw/day,which was 7-8 times higher than that for adults(422 pg/kg bw/day).Due to more behaviours of hand-mouth contact and lower body weight,children are at a higher risk of being exposed to TBBPAs than adults.(3)Concentrations of six BTHs and five BTRs analogues were determined in mollusks collected from Bohai Sea during 2006 to 2014.The total concentrations of BTHs(?6BTHs)were 229-13800 ng/g dry weight(dw)(geometric mean: 778 ng/g)and those of BTRs(?5BTRs)were 7.19-322 ng/g dw(54.6 ng/g).Benzothiazole(BTH)was the dominant compound among BTHs,accounting for 83.0% of the total concentration.5,6-dimethyl-1-hydrogenbenzoriazole(XTR),5-methyl-1-hydrogenbenzotriazole(5-Me-1-H-BTR),and benzotriazole(1-H-BTR)were the major compounds among BTRs,cumulatively accounting for 78.5% of the total concentration.There were fluctuations in concentrations of BTHs and BTRs in mollusks collected from different locations or years,but no obvious spatial or temporal trends for these chemicals were found.Mollusks were inclined to accumulate of BTHs and BTRs,suggesting that they can be used as potential bioindicators for BTHs/BTRs pollution monitoring.In this study,the common source of BTHs and BTRs was explored through Spearman correlation and principle component analysis.Base on the concentrations measured in mollusks,human daily dietary intakes of BTHs and BTRs through consumption of mollusks were estimated.The daily intakes of children and adult for BTHs was 122-125 and 76.6-85.4 ng/kg bw/day,respectively.For BTRs,the daily intakes of children and adult was 8.53-8.74 and 5.36-5.98 ng/kg bw/day,respectively.In conclude,instrumental methods for TBBPAs,BTHs and BTRs were established using UPLC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS,and concentrations of these compounds in environment and biotic matrices were measured.Moreover,distribution profiles and human daily intakes of TBBPAs,BTHs and BTRs were studied.Resultes will be benefit to further understanding of pollution status of TBBPAs,BTHs and BTRs in China,and provide a scientific basis for regulation of such chemicals in consumer products.