Toxicity Of Fragance On Green Algea And Silkworm

Fragrance material is one of an important food addictives and daily chemical addictives.In recent years,their behavior in the environment,ecotoxicity and pollution status have been attracted more and more attention.Previous studies focused on aquatic organisms such as fish.The fragrance materials show significant sub-lethal effects.Because the perfume is lipophilic and easy to bioaccumulation,we explored the toxic effects and toxicity mechanism of fourteen types of fragrance material on lower-level organisms such as green algae and silkworm.The experimental results can be used as a risk assessment for lower-level organisms.In this study,we selected green algae Microcystis aeruginosa as the research object.The fragrance was directly exposed to the green algae culture solution.Myrcene,2-methoxynaphthalene,thymol and hydrazine have potent effects on M.aeruginosa.Their IC₅₀0 values were 5.63*10^-55 M,2.01*10^-44 M,1.60*10^-44 M and 1.04*10^-44 M,respectively.The result of mechanism study shows that under the stressful environment by these four fragrances,M.aeruginosa improved its antioxidant and detoxification ability.The damage of the antioxidant enzymes resulted in the decrease of protein concentration.The chlorophyll a level is destroyed by the increase of ROS in the cells.Green algae cannot perform normal photosynthesis,died in the next few days.The toxicity of fragrance materials on silkworm Bombyx mori was also studied in this research following feeding assay.The high concentration?10^-33 M?of each fragrance was toxicity on the silkworm.The IC50 values of 3-Hydroxy-2-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one,Dibutyl sulfide,Ethylvanillin,Nerolidol,?-Hexylcinnamaldehyde,Vanillin,2,3,5-Trimethylpyrazine,Musk tibeten,Musk xylene,Cinnamylalcohol,Phantolide,2-Phenylethanol and Cashmeran were 5.63*10^-55 M,1.07*10^-44 M,2.38*10^-55 M,1.37*10^-44 M,9.62*10^-55 M,1.00*10^-44 M,7.66*10^-55 M,8.81*10^-55 M,6.07*10^-55 M,1.65*10^-44 M,9.64*10^-55 M,1.29*10^-44 M and8.42*10^-55 M,respectively.The toxicity mechanism of these fragrances was studied using UPLC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS to determine the changes of ecdysone and juvenile hormone in silkworm.The result suggested that these fragrance materials disturb the biosynthesis of juvenile hormone and ecdysone,and delayed the growth and development of silkworm.The paper shows that some fragrance materials are toxicity on the growth and development of lower organisms such as algae and insects.It suggested that we should pay more attention to the negative impact of fragrance material on ecology.