Study On The Spatial Distribution Relationship Of Coal Terminals In Qinhuangdao Port And Coal Enterprises Within Its Direct Hinterland

The opening of Qinhuangdao port was in 1898,after nearly 120 years of development,it has become the main Chinese coal transportation hub and the world's largest energy output port.Coal cargoes accounts for more than 90% of the total throughput of Qinhuangdao port,it is the largest category of cargoes transported by Qinhuangdao port.In 2016,the capacity of coal transportation in Qinhuangdao port reached 200 million tons,and half the coal transport volume of the "transport coal from north to south" was from Qinhuangdao port,and it occupies an increasingly important position in the modern economic development.Since the reform and opening-up,the coal enterprises tend to be located near the coastal port to reduce transportation costs and enhance the enterprises competitiveness.In this context,the influence of Qinhuangdao port on the spatial distribution of coal enterprises within its direct hinterland has gradually increased,whereas the healthy development of coal enterprises is an important foundation and guarantee to the steady growth of national economy.Therefore,in the new normal period,the analysis of the influence of coal terminal on the spatial distribution of coal enterprises is an important basis for rational planning of port transportation resources and optimizing the distribution of coal enterprises.In this paper,the spatial distribution relationship between coal terminal in Qinhuangdao port and coal enterprises within its direct hinterland is studied based on location theory and space effect theory.The main research contents and conclusions are as follows:(1)The spatial distribution type of coal terminals in Circum-Bohai-Sea region is discussed at macro level through point distribution feature analysis and competitiveness index model.The result shows that the coal terminals are in clumped distribution in Circum-Bohai-Sea region,but the throughput of the coal terminals in each port has a high degree of non-equilibrium,Qinhuangdao port coal terminal has competitive advantages and the most concentrated coal throughput in CircumBohai-Sea region.The spatial distribution of Qinhuangdao port coal terminal is discussed at micro level and is shown as clustered distribution.The through capacity of coal is concentrated on some ports,and different coal terminal has quite different competitiveness.(2)This paper divides the direct hinterland of Qinhuangdao Port by means of the quotient model,uses the GIS technology from the spatial perspective to calculate the value of variation coefficient,and then judges the whole and local spatial distribution type of coal enterprises within port's direct hinterland.The results show that the whole distribution type of coal enterprise is ‘clustered' within the direct hinterland,but different region has different distribution type,that's the type in Shanxi,Hebei Province and Beijing is ‘clustered',while in Inner Mongolia and Shaanxi Province it's ‘random' type.(3)At the economic level,the index system is established from seven aspects: natural resources endowment,transportation conditions,coal enterprise status,market environment,human resources endowment,policy and port layout conditions.This paper uses the factor analysis to determine the main factors affecting the spatial distribution of coal enterprises,comprehensively evaluates the distribution of coal enterprises in 19 hinterland cities and then studies the its classification by using Ward clustering method.The results show that the factor ‘Enterprise foundation and port distribution' is the most important one which reflects the importance of port impact on the distribution of coal enterprises,and the spatial distribution of coal enterprises in the 19 cities is divided into 5 categories based on the evaluation score: good,preferably,potential,general and poor.(4)The whole and local spatial relationship between Qinhuangdao port coal terminal and coal enterprises within the direct hinterland is determined through factor analysis and grey correlation analysis,and the relationship of spatial agglomeration level between coal terminals and coal enterprises during the period of 2005-2015 is analyzed by coefficient of elasticity.The result shows that: the influence of Qinhuangdao port coal terminal on the spatial distribution of coal enterprises in the hinterland is the strongest among the Circum-Bohai-Sea region coal terminals,and the influence of Qinhuangdao port coal terminal on the spatial distribution of coal enterprises in different regions of hinterland is arrayed from strong to weak as: Shanxi Province,Inner Mongolia,Hebei Province,Shaanxi Province,Beijing city;during the period of 2005-2015,the appropriate agglomeration level of coal terminals can increase the agglomeration level of coal enterprises,and it will reduce the agglomeration level of coal enterprises whether the agglomeration level of coal terminals is too high or too low.