| ARGs are a new class of pollutants that have attracted the attention of humans in recent years.Eggs can be used as food-borne sources and vectors for drug resistance genes.This study is the first to study the diversity of surface bacteria,the proportion of drug-resistant bacteria and the abundance of drug resistance genes in avian eggs and poultry eggs by combining metagenomics,traditional microbial culture and drug sensitivity test.The results highlight the enormous impact of eggs on the potential risks to human health.The results show:1.The effect of the cleanliness of the eggs on the total number of bacteria.The egg-cleaning operation of the eggs reduces the total number of bacteria on the surface of the eggs to some extent.Sulfonamides,tetracyclines,quinolones,and macrolides are obvious resistance types of three types of egg-lactose-fermented Enterobacter.2.The drug resistance of lactose-fermented Enterobacteriaceae(LFE)on eggs is very high.The resistance of LFE on the surface of three types of poultry eggs is different,but the resistance rate to tetracyclines is98.7-99.6%,and the resistance rate to chloramphenicol is also high.The detected strains are mostly multi-drug resistant.The strain even found the presence of an eight-resistant strain.3.ARGs were detected on the surface of different types of eggs,up to 19 drug resistance gene classes,among which 299 kinds of drug-resistant subtypes were cleaned,195 were non-clean eggs,and 274 were non-clean duck eggs.The surface of the egg contains more multidrug,tetracycline,aminoglycoside,macrolidelincosamide-streptogramin,sulfonamide resistance genes.The high-abundance ARGs class of LFE is similar to that of tetracycline-resistant LFE,and the abundance of ARGs is higher than that of the total microorganisms on the surface of the egg.The experimental egg resistance gene data obtained by the experiment are consistent with the poultry data set found in the current study. |
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