Synthesis And Lubrication Properties Of Branched Satrated Fatty Acid Alkyl Esters

Waste cooking oils?WCO?referred to a series of oil wastes unsuitable for consumption during the deep processing of natural vegetable oils and animal fats,which is mainly composed of triglyceride.Waste cooking oil is a kind of non-edible oils and is not suitable for human consumption.Unreasonable use and disposal of waste cooking oil would be a significant threat to human health and environment,In this regard,extensive research has been carried out investigating the use of waste cooking oil as a renewable and cost-effective feedstock for fine chemicals production.The most common way for the using of WCO is to produce biodiesel,and biodiesel can be chemically modified to synthesize fine chemicals instead of being burned as fuel.Therefore,Utilization of waste cooking oil as renewable raw materials for production of fine chemicals is of high interest in the academia and the industry.Above all,the MO?methyl oleate?,a major component of methanolysis reaction of WCO,was converted to epoxidized methyl oleate?EMO?by Prilezhaev method,and the current work describes catalytic synthesis of vicinal hydroxyether and transesterified hydroxyether from epoxidized methyl oleate?EMO?with fatty alcohol over aluminium dodecatungstophosphate?AlPT?as the catalyst,and investigate its application of properties.The research contents and conclusions are as follows:?1?The oxirane ring-opening reaction of EMO with n-butanol for synthesis C4-BL1 can be carried out in the presence of AlPT as catalyst at room temperature.Through exploring the effects of experimental conditions on the selectivity of C4-BL1,the optimum reaction conditions of the EMO/n-butanol molar ratio of 1:2.5,the catalyst loading of 3.0 wt.%,the reaction temperature of 30°C,and the reaction time of 30 min were determined.Under the optimal condition,the conversion of EMO is more than 99.0%,the selectivity of C4-BL1 is more than 99.0%.The oxirane ring-opening reaction of EMO with fatty alcohol?methanol,ethanol,propanol,hexanol,octanol?were carried under the same condition.Accordingly,AlPT has shown to be an effective catalyst for ring-opening reaction.It could obtain branched-chain fatty acid methyl esters with different branched chain lengths,the conversion of EMO is more than99.0%,the selectivity of branched fatty acid methyl oleate is more than 99.0%.?2?Based on the above research,the alcoholysis reaction of EMO with n-butanol using AlPT as catalyst to synthesize C4-BL2 was carried at one pot.The reaction parameters were subsequently optimized.Under the optimal operating conditions:the EMO/n-butanol of 1:4,the catalyst loading of 10.0wt.%,the reaction temperature of 90°C,and the reaction time of 10 h.Under the optimal condition,the conversion of EMO is more than 99.0%,the selectivity of C4-BL2 is more than 98.0%.Extending the reaction substrate n-butanol to n-octanol,it was found that AlPT still has a good catalytic effect.the conversion of EMO is more than 99.0%,the selectivity of C8-BL2 is more than99.0%.?3?The refractive,viscosity,surface tension,friction reducing properties and antiwear properties of the synthesized products were evaluated.Compared with EMO,the viscosity,surface tension,mean friction coefficient and wear volume of the branched fatty acid alkyl esters were improved.An improvement in anti-wear and friction reducing properties occurred with longer chain esters and ether functional group substitution.The results showed that the C8-BL2exhibited the most favorable viscosity performance?37.6 mm²/s?,the lowest coefficient of friction?0.107?,and the minimum wear volume(1.83×10^-3mm³).Above all,branched fatty acid alkyl ester were good potential lubricating oil.