Research On Pilot's Cockpit Violation Behavior Based On Risk Cognition

A large number of accident investigations in aviation have shown that there are many flight accidents and incidents involving violations in the cockpit.Furthermore,psychologists in aviation field have noted that the operational behaviors of pilots are related to their personality and risky cognition.Therefore,the relationship between pilots' violation behaviors in cockpit and their risk cognitive factors was examined from the perspective of risky psychology.Firstly,the questionnaires of violation behaviors and risk cognitive factors were compiled and implemented.Then the statistics of frequency distribution of initial pilots' violation events were carried out,and according to correlation analysis,the correlation between violation behaviors and risk cognitive factors was studied.The results showed that violations in the cockpit are universal phenomena among initial pilots.According to ANOVA and hierarchical regression analysis,there is a significantly positive prediction of risk tolerance and hazardous attitude to the violation behaviors of initial pilots.Moreover,risk tolerance and hazardous attitude can be reduced by targeted training and education,and thus the proneness of violation can be decreased.In order to evaluate the airline transport pilots' violation behaviors,the research on exceedance behaviors of violation based on real QAR data were carried out.The violation indexes were selected from the Flight Operations Quality Assurance(FOQA)projects of B737-800.The evaluation standard was determined by the regulation in airlines,and thus the evaluation index system of airline transport pilots' violation behaviors was proposed.According to weighted average method and rank-sum ratio method,the quantitative evaluation model of airline transport pilots' exceedance behaviors of violation was established,and the grade evaluation model was developed by matter-element analysis method.For examining the model by practical example further,the QAR data of 26 airline transport pilots were acquired and analyzed.This evaluation method can be applied to FOQA system in airlines,and thus to achieve an effective and efficient control over risky pilots and their exceedance behaviors of violation.A questionnaire survey was conducted to measure risk tolerance,risk perception,and hazardous attitude of pilots.According to ANOVA,it can be found that a significant difference of violation existed among the pilots with different operation levels.And then the influence of airline transport pilots' risk cognitive factors on exceedance behaviors of violation was explored based on Structural Equation Modeling(SEM).The results indicated that risk perception had a significantly negative impact on violation behaviors,and hazardous attitude had a significantly positive impact on violation behaviors.Risk tolerance can affect pilots' exceedance behaviors of violation directly.Also,through its intermediary effect on risk perception and hazardous attitude,risk tolerance can influence violation behaviors indirectly.Overall,the violation behaviors of both initial pilots and airline transport pilots were positively affected by risk tolerance and hazardous attitude,and the airline transport pilots' exceedance behaviors of violation were negatively influenced by risk perception.Therefore,improving the risky cognition of pilots can help to reduce the violation behaviors and improve flight safety.