| Building a strong country with ecological civilization is one of the strategic goals for the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era.The rich theory of ecological civilization construction provides direction for rural space planning practicing the concept of "living community of mountains,rivers,forests,lakes,and grasses",realizing the harmonious coexistence of man and nature.The relationship between agricultural land and ecological land has always been a contradictory pair in the "production-living-ecological" space in China,and it is more obvious in hilly mountains.Ecology is the biggest advantage of the countryside.Coordinating ecology and rural production and living space,and promoting rural revitalization planning are the need of the times to realize the development of "agriculture,rural areas and farmers".It is also a new way to optimize land and space,and has long-term and strategic significance for the construction of ecological civilization.The mountainous and hilly area of Peninsula,represented by Qixia City,Shandong Province,has a high degree of agricultural intensification,rapid urban development,coupled with concentrated environmental gradients and highly heterogeneous habitats,which make its land system present a complex spatial distribution pattern.The study provides a typical case.This article takes Qixia City as the research area,and explores the path of rural spatial optimization in the hilly and mountainous areas with the research idea of "theoretical induction-model construction-case verification".Coupling niche theory with future land use prediction models,accurately identifying ecological space,understanding the spatial background quality of the study area,using the GeoSOS-FLUS model to optimize the layout of cultivated land and rural settlement space,and analyzing the effect of the implementation of rural spatial pattern optimization strategies And the operability,the following main research conclusions are drawn:The spatial quality of the background quality of Qixia City is quite different.Constructing cultivated land and rural settlements using niche theory.The niche suitability evaluation index system uses a 30-meter grid as the evaluation unit to analyze and evaluate the matching degree between the resources provided by each space in Qixia City and the resource conditions required for the development of cultivated land or rural settlements from both natural and location conditions,and Divide suitable niche areas.Accurately identify the ecological space through the evaluation of ecosystem service functions and ecological environment sensitivity assessment,and use the results of ecological space identification to modify and adjust the suitable areas for the construction of farmland and rural settlements to achieve the purpose of coordinating ecological space with production and living space.The extremely suitable areas of cultivated land are mainly distributed in the piedmont plain of the southeast where the terrain is gentle,the soil is fertile,the water source is sufficient,and the transportation location is developed.The unsuitable areas are mainly located in the eastern high altitude area.The total area is 26.57%,followed by the highly suitable area and the least suitable area.By analyzing the changes in the cultivated land area in each niche suitable area in 2009 and 2019,it is known that the cultivated land area in each suitable area has decreased in 2019,and the moderately suitable area has the largest decrease.The rural unsuitable areas and the first suitable areas are similar in spatial distribution to the suitable areas of cultivated land.By analyzing the rural settlement areas of each suitable area in 2009 and 2019,it is found that the unsuitable areas and the initial suitable areas have reduced settlement areas,and other The area of suitable settlements increased,and its natural evolution law also proved that the unsuitable areas and the first suitable areas are not conducive to the life of the residents.(2)Optimized layout of cultivated land space based on the concept of "" Mountain-Water-Forest-Cropland-Lake-Grass-System "" helps to alleviate the contradiction between cultivated land and ecological space.Use path analysis to find out the contribution rate of land use types from 2009 to 2019 to the change rate of the cultivated land area within the suitable niche area of cultivated land.Use the GeoSOS-FLUS model,with the cultivated land as the center,and set continuous evolution and ecological optimization.Two kinds of farmland spatial layout scenarios are used to optimize the farmland spatial layout.In the past 10 years,the evolution of garden land in extremely niche areas and forest land in unsuitable areas has contributed the most to the change of cultivated land area in the corresponding niche areas.The simulation results of the optimization of the cultivated land layout under the ecological optimization scenario are compared with the results of the continuous evolution scenario.The area of cultivated land has increased,ecological suitability has improved,and the coordination between cultivated land and other elements of landscapes,forests,lakes,and grasses has improved.Based on the concept of "land,water,forest,lake,grass,and commu nity of life",the spatial optimization model was used to optimize the spatial layout of cultivated land.The results show that the simulated optimized layout can alleviate the contradiction between agricultural land and ecological land,and is more conduc ive to the protection of cultivated land in the context of ecological civilization.(3)The optimized layout strategy of rural settlements based on the ecological protection pattern is conducive to creating high-quality living space.According to the analysis of the spatial characteristics of rural settlements,the smoother the terrain and the closer to the water source,the greater the proportion of rural settlements.Establish a comprehensive ecological security protection pattern for forests and wat er bodies in Qixia City,divide different types of rural settlements,and conduct research on optimization strategies by district.The key rectification type is to optimize safety as the core direction to ensure ecological security and gradually migrate sc attered settlements;the restricted expansion type is to use elegant and comfortable as the optimization core direction,make full use of ecological resources,strengthen the three-dimensional space excavation,limit its large-scale expansion,and promote its ecological construction.Livable rural settlements;moderately constructive,with convenience as the optimization core direction,strengthening public service infrastructure construction,absorbing scattered small-scale settlements and settlements in unsuitable areas,and creating convenient communities;priority developmental type with intensive vitality as the core direction of optimization and land improvement Use efficiency to attract small township enterprises to gather and develop,drive economic development,improve residents' living standards,and create high-quality development and high-quality living space. |
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