Design And Research Of Rapid Fermentation Equipment For Agricultural Waste

China is a large agricultural country.with the expansion of agricultural production scale,the output of agricultural waste is also increasing.There is a huge biological potential in agricultural waste.To promote the recycling and industrial development of agricultural waste is the internal requirement for the development of agricultural circular economy.The traditional composting method of agricultural waste is low-cost and simple,but it occupies a large area,has a long time of maturity,poor quality,and will cause secondary pollution to the environment.With the progress of society and the improvement of science and technology,integrated fermentation equipment composting has gradually become the mainstream of agricultural waste composting.This way covers a small area,can be deodorized by equipment,kill pathogens,parasites,etc.,with high degree of automation and good quality of organic fertilizer after fermentation.The technology of fermentation equipment in China started late and developed rapidly,but there are still some problems,such as uneven material dumping,difficult aeration control,incomplete fermentation and low automation.In the research of this project,aiming at the common problems of aerobic fermentation equipment at the present stage,the aerobic fermentation equipment at home and abroad is studied from the aspects of the realization of rapid composting fermentation technology,automatic control,universality of equipment,etc.,and a set of agricultural waste rapid fermentation system is developed by absorbing and referring to the experience at home and abroad.The main content of this paper includes the following four parts.(1)Through the research and analysis of aerobic fermentation technology and equipment at home and abroad,a set of rapid fermentation system for agricultural waste was designed.The composting cycle of the system is 3-5 days,and the maturity cycle is less than most of the composting equipment on the market,which improves the fermentation efficiency while controlling the composting cost;it is suitable for the composting ratio of various agricultural solid wastes,with strong universality;it has a high degree of automation,realizing the manual / automatic control of the system.(2)The structure of the fermentation equipment of the rapid fermentation system was designed.It should include fermentation equipment,stirring equipment,sprinkler systems,ventilation equipment,heating equipment and control systems.The main structure was designed,calculated and checked according to the requirements of use.The components of the actuator were selected and the main structure of the fermentation equipment was determined.The whole fermentation equipment is modeled by SolidWorks 2019,the two-dimensional diagram of fermentation equipment is drawn by AutoCAD 2020,and trial production is carried out.(3)Design of rapid fermentation monitoring system.The control system uses Siemens S7-200 SMART CPU SR20 as the controller and MCGS touch screen as the human-computer interaction interface.The circuit design and installation of PLC control cabinet are completed.According to the control requirements of the system,the control program of the rapid fermentation system is designed with STEP7-MicroWIN software,and the configuration of the touch screen interface is completed based on the MCGSE configuration environment software,so as to realize the automatic control and monitoring of the rapid fermentation system.The system can realize fermentation state monitoring,real-time control,alarm setting,data browsing,historical data export and other functions.(4)Debugging and operation of the system.This control system was commissioned and tested in Tai'an Hongchuang Machinery Equipment Co.,Ltd.after trial production in December 2019.The field debugging process is smooth,the control system is stable,meets the design requirements,and can be put into use.