Analysis Of Spatial Differences In Influencing Factors Of Breast Cancer In China

Public health issues have received more and more attention in recent years.At present,more researchers in the scientific community have joined the research from different perspectives.Breast cancer is a malignant tumor of mammary gland epithelial tissue that frequently occurs in women.Breast cancer is currently the highest incidence of cancer among women in the world.At the same time,the number of new cases and the mortality of breast cancer are among the highest among all female cancers.It is one of the most dangerous cancer for women.Previously,more breast cancer research focused on microscopic perspectives such as genes,cells,and biology,but very little research was conducted from a macro perspective.Now people have realized that geographical,environmental,and economic factors also play an important role in health.At the same time,because genes,heredity and other factors cannot be changed by people,it is meaningful to study breast cancer prevention and treatment from a macro perspective.In order to study and analyze these issues,this article uses a geodetector model and a Generalized Additive Model(GAM)to divide the country into 4 regions to explore the relationship between breast cancer incidence,mortality,and various influencing factors.Geodetector was used to quantify the correlation between the incidence and mortality of breast cancer and the influencing factors,and the GAM was used to explore the non-linear relationship between the incidence,mortality and influencing factors of breast cancer.Geodetector results show that socioeconomic variables explain the incidence of breast cancer very strongly.In 4 subregions,the number of industrial enterprises per square kilometer has the highest explanation rate for breast cancer incidence,the geodetector q values of the northern region and the eastern region can reach 0.59 and 0.55,and the geodetector q values in the central and southern regions and western regions are slightly lower,but can also reach 0.48 and 0.43.At the same time,the explanation of natural environment factors for the incidence of breast cancer is very low,and they have not passed the significance test.The air quality explanatory variables(AQI,PM2.5)in the northern and eastern regions also have a certain degree of explanation,they passed the significance test but the significance is not high,which is related to the heavy industry and poor air quality in the northern and eastern regions.In terms of mortality,socio-economic variables still have a strong explanatory power,but the interpretation of natural environment variables has also been greatly improved,especially in the western and central and southern regions.The geodetector q values of some natural environmental explanatory variables in these areas can reach Above 0.4,it shows that mortality is not affected by some factors alone,but affected by many factors.In the results of GAM,socio-economic variables have a great impact on the incidence of breast cancer,and socio-economic variables usually show a positive correlation with the incidence of breast cancer,especially the number of industrial enterprises per square kilometer and the number of medical institutions per capita.In terms of natural environmental factors,explanatory variables of air quality usually increase the incidence of breast cancer,especially in areas with high levels of air pollution,which have a significant positive correlation.The relationship between precipitation and the incidence of breast cancer is usually U-shaped.In addition,regional characteristics are reflected in the model calculation,there are many heavy industries in the northern region,the impact of the number of industrial enterprises and air quality on the incidence of breast cancer is very obvious;in the western region,due to the better air quality,the model does not reflect the impact of air quality on the incidence of breast cancer,and it is restricted by geographical location and economic conditions,which are significantly affected by the medical institutions.In terms of mortality,natural environmental factors have more influence,especially precipitation.In the 4 subregions,precipitation and breast cancer mortality have a great relationship,and most of them are negatively correlated.In addition,an increase in temperature will also cause a decline in breast cancer mortality.Socioeconomic variables,with the exception of the number of industrial enterprises per square kilometer,other explanatory variables have a negative correlation with breast cancer mortality.There is a strong correlation between the geodetector and GAM results.In terms of incidence,the geodetector results showed a strong correlation between socioeconomic variables and breast cancer incidence,and GAM results indicated a positive correlation trend;in terms of mortality,the geodetector results showed that the correlation between socioeconomic variables and breast cancer mortality is still very high,the impact of natural environmental factors on breast cancer mortality has also improved,and GAM gives a trend relationship between each influencing factor and breast cancer mortality.Therefore,the results of the two models correspond to each other and have a better interpretation of the spatial differences of various influencing factors of breast cancer.Finally,this paper draws some relevant conclusions on breast cancer influencing factors,which is instructive for breast cancer prevention and treatment.