Study On The Evolution Of Supply And Demand Patterns Of Ecosystem Services In Hunan Province Based On Land Use/Cover Change

Ecosystem is a compound system that supports human survival and development.Human beings continuously draw various resources from the ecosystem.While enjoying various services brought by the ecosystem,it also has some adverse effects on the ecosystem.Scientifically assessing the relationship between supply and demand of ecosystem services,and exploring the evolutionary characteristics of supply and demand patterns between regions can help ensure regional ecological security and maintain ecosystem balance.This paper takes Hunan Province as the research object,and uses the land use/cover data in 2000,2005,2010,and 2015 to analyze the quantity,structural changes,and transformation patterns of land use in Hunan Province;using equivalent factor method and comprehensive multiple indicators The model separately calculates the supply and demand of each ecosystem service,and combines the natural discontinuity method to classify the supply and demand,and divides the ecosystem service supply and demand mode into 9 modes;by matching the supply and demand levels on the grid scale,Analyzed the characteristics and evolution of the ecosystem service supply and demand from 2000 to 2015.The main results are as follows:(1)In the land use / cover structure,the proportion of forest land and cultivated land is the highest.The forest land is mainly concentrated in mountainous and hilly areas,and the cultivated land is mainly concentrated in the Dongting Lake plain area and the hilly basin area.From 2000 to 2015,the land use pattern in Hunan Province changed significantly,mainly manifested by the increase in construction land and water area,and the decrease in grassland and cultivated land area.Among them,the area of cultivated land decreased the most,135312 hm2,and the area of construction land increased the most,172304 hm2.During the land use / cover evolution in Hunan Province,the cultivated land is mainly transformed into construction land(86793 hm2)and forest land(32071 hm2),the forest land is mainly transformed into construction land(80591 hm2)and water area(5663 hm2),and the grassland is mainly transformed into forest land(12844 hm2)and waters(3874 hm2),waters are mainly transformed into construction land(3154 hm2)and unused land(3411hm2),construction land is mainly transformed into forest land(567 hm2)and waters(563 hm2),unused land is mainly transformed into Waters(3544 hm2).(2)The supply of ecosystem services increased from 1.83 × 1010 yuan in 2000 to 1.99 × 1010 yuan in 2015,an increase of 9.20%.High-supply and medium-supply areas decreased by 24.72% and 1.6%,respectively,while higher-supply,lower-supply,and low-supply increased by 22.80%,2.85%,and 0.68%,respectively.Areas with high supply and high supply are mainly distributed in mountainous and hilly areas with sufficient rainfall,low human interference,and a good ecological environment;low supply and low supply are mainly concentrated in urban and rural areas with rapid economic development and prominent human-land conflicts Construction area and plain area with relatively flat terrain.(3)The ecosystem service demand index increased from 365480.5 in 2000 to 533130.3 in 2015,an increase of 45.87%.High demand,higher demand and lower demand increased by 0.17%,0.90% and 11.89%,respectively,and medium demand and low demand decreased by 1.30% and 11.66%,respectively.The high-value areas of the ecosystem service demand show "large agglomeration,small dispersion",and the low-value areas are more dispersed.The high-value areas are concentrated in areas with high levels of human activity interference and urban and rural construction.The low-value areas are relatively economically backward.Areas with little human activity.(4)In the spatial and temporal evolution of the ecosystem service supply and demand model,the area of the high supply-low demand(H-L)model has the largest change,with its area reduced by 3.8%,followed by the low supply-high demand(L-H)model and high supply-medium demand HM)model,its area increased by 2.34% and 1.67%,respectively,and the area of medium supply-high demand(M-H)changed the least,decreasing by 0.13%.The area of the area where the supply and demand pattern remains unchanged is 167942 km2,accounting for 79.32% of the total area.In the mode of supply and demand changes,the area of high supply-low demand(H-L)to medium supply-low demand(M-L)is the largest,at 10305 km2,accounting for 23.53% of the total area changed,followed by medium supply-low demand(M-L)to high supply-low demand(H-L),with an area of 6402 km2,accounting for 14.62% of the total area that changed.