Enrichments And Interactions Of Zn,Co And Se During The Soybean Germination

Bean sprout is a collective name,covering a series of bean sprouts such as soy bean sprout,green bean sprout and black bean sprout.Bean sprouts have become a group of common vegetables on Asian tables due to their simple manufacturing processes,rich nutritions,and low prices.In particular,the degradation of soybeans during germination destroys most of the trypsin inhibitor,phytate and raffinose,which the human body cannot absorb.Bean sprouts improve the utilization of protein and minerals of the bean.Given that bean sprouts have the dual advantages of short production cycleand huge consumption,it is of great significance to study how to use the sprouts to enrich trace elements to improve the current situations of inadequate intakes of the trace elements in our country.this thesis designs and implements the biological enrichment experiments of three kinds of human trace elements Zn,Co and Se in the growth process of soybean sprouts taking soybean germination as a carrier,and using uniform design,orthogonal experiment and regression analysis as research methods.The growth status,morphology,enrichments and organic enrichments of Zn,Co and Se of the sprout samples,and the regression relationship of the bioaccumulation of samples at different exogenous concentrations of Zn,Co and Se and the exogenous concentration of each element were evaluated.The effects of enrichment processes on the growth of the sprouts,the laws of total enrichments and organic transformations of the rare elements of the sprouts,and the interferences among Zn-Co-Se ternary enrichments were developed.The main conclusions are as follows.?1?Using soybean as raw material,a three-step process of soaking seeds,budding and cultivating was used to cultivate bean sprouts rich in Zn,Co and Se.The experiments were carried out according to the uniform design U₁₀?10³?,and the samples are collected every 15h.The total cultivation time was fixed as 60 h.The data of dry weights,wet weights,water contents and hypocotyl lengthes of the sprout samples were collected.The results clear that the high exogenous concentrations of Zn,Co and Se are unfavourable to the growth of the sprouts.Severe chemical burns?pathological enrichments?occur at the situations.The normal sprouts can only be obtained at low exogenous concentration enrichment area.In the early growth period of the sprouts?<30 h?,the influences of each exogenous element on the growth status of the sprouts are extremely limited.The absorption of the exogenous elements by the sprouts is mainly by physical adsorption.In the middle and late growth periods of the sprouts?>45 h?,the influences of the exogenous elements on the sprouts appear.Se has a positive promotion effect on the growth status of the sprouts while Co element has an inhibitory effect.The inhibitory effects of Co element on the sprouts are mainly by the first-order effect of[Zn×Co]?p<0.05?and the second-order effect of[Zn×Co×Se]?p<0.05?.And the latter has a stronger inhibitory effect on the growth of the sprouts.?2?The enrichment and transformation laws of the sprout cultivation processes over time were investigated in terms of the total amounts and organic contents of Zn,Co and Se of the bean sprouts.The results show that the organic conversion rates of the elements are low in the early stages of the sprout growthes?before 30 h?,and the enrichments of the elements are mainly by physical dialysis and absorption.In the later stage of the growthes?after 30 h?,the organic enrichments of the elements occur by the interactions of the exogenous concentration of each element.In the early stages of the sprout growthes,the treatments of 3([Zn²⁺]=1200?g/L,[Co²⁺]=30?g/L,[Se⁴⁺]=180?g/L),6([Zn²⁺]=2400?g/L,[Co²⁺]=75?g/L,[Se⁴⁺]=160?g/L)and 9([Zn²⁺]=2100?g/L,[Co²⁺]=120?g/L,[Se⁴⁺]=40?g/L)are effective to give the sprouts rich in Zn,Co and Se.At the ends of growthes?60 h?,the total enrichments and organic contents of Zn,Co and Se in every treatment of the work are much higher than that of the corresponding blank control sample.In particular,the treatment of 3(Zn²⁺,Co²⁺offers the optimal comprehensive enrichments of Zn,Co and Se with Zn²⁺=8.58 mg/kg,Co²⁺=63.10?g/kg,Se⁴⁺=48.30?g/kg,and the organic rates of Zn 49.50%,Co 25.94%,Se 56.25%at a cultivating time of 45 h.The total enrichment amounts of the three elements basically reach the recommended intakes of Zn,Co and Se in the Chinese dietary guidelines?based on the daily intake of 0.5-1kg of wet bean sprouts for adults?.The results play a direct reference to the production of healthy vegetables with multiple enrichments of Zn,Co and Se.?3?Based on the total amounts of each element in the sprout cultivation processes,the regression analysis was used to study the interaction relationship of the exogenous elements.The results clear that there is a complicated mutual interference relationship among Zn,Co and Se during the designed sprout enrichment processes.The interactions of the exogenous concentration of each element on the enrichments of Zn,Co and Se occur at the late growth periods of the sprouts?after 30 h?.[Zn×Co]and[Co×Se]exhibit a synergistic effect.The synergistic effects promote the enrichment of Zn.[Zn×Se]and[Zn×Co×Se]exhibit an antagonistic effect.Exogenous Zn can suppress the absorption of Se by the sprouts by the double antagonistic effects.