Synthesis And Properties Of Alkoxy Ethoxyethyl And Alkyl-triethoxy-?-D-glucopyranosides Surfactants

Traditional alkyl glycosides have excellent properties and are less harmful to the human body and the environment,but its solubility and micelle concentration have dramatically changed with increasing the alkyl chain length.Short-chain alkyl glycosides have no decontamination effect,and long-chain alkyl glycosides have obvious decontamination effects,but they have a fatal disadvantage:as the length of the alkyl chain increases,the water solubility of the alkyl glycosides becomes worse or even less.This disadvantage greatly limits the scope of application of long-chain alkyl glycosides.In order to ameliorate these shortcomings and study the performance changes of the compounding system,the following two works were done specifically.1. Eight alkoxy ethoxyethyl-?-D-glucopyranosides with different alkyl chain lengths(4a?4h)were synthesized using one step,and their structures were characterized by ~1H NMR,HH-COSY,HRMS.At the same time,the liquid crystal properties of glycosides were characterized by DSC and POM.The results showed that?-D-glucopyranosides(n=7?16)had liquid crystallinity.We investigated the effects of the structure of alkoxy ethoxyethyl-?-D-glucopyranosides on solubility,emulsification,foaming,hygroscopicity and surface activity.In addition,we also investigated the critical micelle concentration(CMC)of binary mixtures of alkoxy ethoxyethyl-?-D-glucopyranosides(n=8,10,12)and sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS)or cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride(CTAC)and continued to explore the microemulsion region when?-D-glucopyranoside(n=6?16)and n-butanol were used as surfactants and co-surfactants,and cyclohexane was used as the oil phase.2. Eight kinds of alkyl-triethoxy-?-D-glucopyranosides(6a?6h)were prepared by using glucose as the head group and using triethylene glycol to connect the sugar head group and the saturated alkyl tail chain.The structures were characterized by ~1H NMR,HH-COSY,HRMS,MS and so on.First,we explored the effect of the length of the hydrophobic alkyl chain of a single surfactant on foamability,emulsification,hygroscopicity,solubility,thermotropic liquid crystallinity,and surface activity.On this basis,we also examined the emulsifying and foaming properties of dodecyl-triethoxy-?-D-glucopyranoside(n=12)mixed with SDS or CTAC in different ratios.We proceeded to examine the effects of temperature and different concentrations of Na Cl on surface tension and the surface activity of alkyl-triethoxy-?-D-glucopyranosides(n=8,10,12)mixed with SDS,CTAC(1:1).