Pollution Characteristics And Removal Of Pharmaceutical And Personal Care Products (PPCPs) In Municipal Sewage Treatment Plants

Pharmaceutical and personal care products(PPCPs)have been widely used because of their significant effects in the medical industry,graziery and cosmetics industries.They have been detected in high frequency in water environment which have become new emerging pollutants.Sewage treatment plants are one of the main sources of PPCPs in the surface water of lakes and rivers.The potential threat of PPCPs to human health and ecological environment in the water environment has attracted great attention.Detection methods of 11 kinds PPCPs by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography(UHPLC)were established.And the pollution characteristics and ecological risk assessment of PPCPs in the sewage treatment plants of JJ,QS,JN and BSY in taizhou and YH,LZ,LA1,LA2,QG and CX in hangzhou were analyzed.At the same time,the removal efficiency of PPCPs by different treatment technologies of various sewage treatment plants in Hangzhou were analyzed,and the removal rates for PPCPs by advance treatment process used by wastewater treatment plants and NF membrane were compared.By optimizing the sampling flow rate,eluent and eluent volume of solid phase extraction,the best method for enriching target PPCPs was obtained,and two sets of UCP detection methods for PPCPs were established,which are more systematic and comprehensive.,Scientific analysis of the concentration levels of target PPCPs in water samples.The general detection level of PPCPs in municipal sewage treatment plant is in high concentration.Taizhou sewage plant JJng/L,sewage plant BSYng/L,sewage plant JNng/L,sewage plant QS?PPCPs=713.07 ng/L.Hangzhou sewage plant YHng/L,sewage plant LZ?PPCPs=3816.93 ng/L,sewage plant QG?PPCPs=3755.99 ng/L,sewage plant LA1ng/L,sewage plant LA2ng/L,sewage plant CXng/L.The results of PPCPs ecological risk evaluation showed that the RO_Svalues of primidone,carbamazepine,atenolol and trimethoprim in the effluent of taizhou sewage treatment plant were lower than 0.01,and there was no significant risk.The RO_Svalues of DEET in JN sewage treatment plant was within 0.01?0.1,which was at a low risk.The RO_Svalues of sulfamethoxazole were higher than 0.1 in the effluent except sewage treatment plant BSY,which was a medium risk.The RO_Svalues of diclofenac in the effluent of JJ sewage plant is within 0.01?0.1,which was at low risk,while the RO_Svalue in the effluent of BSY sewage plant was within 0.1?1,which was at medium risk.The RO_Svalues of primidone and some carbamazepine,DEET,atenolol and trimethoprim in the effluent of Hangzhou sewage treatment plant were all lower than 0.01,presenting no risk to the environment.The RO_Svalues of carbamazepine(CX),DEET(QG,YH,LA2),atenolol(YH)and trimethopridine(YH)in the effluent of other wastewater treatment plants ranged from 0.01?0.1,indicating low risk.The RO_Svalues of sulfamethoxazole(LA1,CX,YH)and dichlorophenolic acid(QG,YH,LZ)were within 0.1?1,which is a medium risk.The RO_Svalue of sulfamethoxazole in QG effluent is higher than 1,which was at a high risk.Sulfamethoxazole and diclofenac were the primary monitoring high risk pollutants in water.Sewage treatment plants YH,LZ,LA1,LA2 and QG adopted anaerobic tank and DE oxidation ditch,anaerobic tank and Carrousel oxidation ditch,anaerobic tank and T-shaped oxidation ditch,A~2O process,hydrolytic acidizing tank and inverted A~2O process as secondary treatment process,respectively.By analyzing the removal rates of PPCPs by different processes,it could be seen that the removal rates of various PPCPs by the same treatment process and the same PPCPs treated by various processes were quite different.Among the studied PPCPs,the removal rate of sulfamethoxazole,carbamazepine,gliclazide,amoxicillin and ciprofloxacin were higher than 80%.However,the overall removal rate of diclofenac was relative poor.In comparison,for wastewater treatment plant adopted denitrification biological filter(DN tank),nitrification biological filter and sand filter(SF),aeration biological filter,DN tank,SF,ecological wetland,fiber filter and deep-bed filter as advanced treatment process,the concentration of PPCPs can be reduced in further on the basis of secondary effluent.Although some PPCPs has been removed almost completely,most of PPCPs remained in the effluent.Among these advanced treatment processes,ecological wetland and fiber filter showed better removal effect.In this paper,the secondary effluent of sewage treatment plant was treated by the negative charged nanofiltration membrane and the removal effect of PPCPs was compared with that treated by other advanced treatment processes.The results showed that negatively charged hollow fiber nanofiltration membrane had excellent removal rate for most PPCPs,and the PPCPs concentration in the effluent was lower than that treated by other advanced treatment processes,indicating that the nanofiltration membrane has a good application prospect for removing PPCPs in wastewater.