Study On The Commercial Specification Grades And Chemical Difference Before And After Baked With Honey Of Farfarae Flos

Ethnopharmacology: Farfarae Flos is the dry flower bud of Tussilago farfara L.of the family Compositae,which have the effects of nourishing the lungs,relieving cough,and reducing phlegm.Baking with honey is the most common processing method of Farfarae Flos,which can enhance its lung-moistening and cough-reducing effects.The previous research of the research group found that the chemical composition of non-medicinal parts such as rachis and flower buds are different,and the rachis had no obvious antitussive and phlegm effects.There is currently no specification grade standard for honey baked Farfarae Flos,we found that honey baked Farfarae Flos also have the problem of excessive flower rachis due to insufficient cleansing before baking with honey through our investigation.The research group has already established the specification grades of Farfarae Flos in the early stage.Based on the previous research,this study intends to establish the specification grades of honey baked Farfarae Flos to promote the formation of a high-quality and favorable price trading system and the standardization and rationalization of market trading order.In addition,baking with honey will cause complex chemical changes.One is that the chemical components derived from refining honey are adsorbed,and the other is that the chemical components may be transformed during the high-temperature baking process.Clarifying the changes in the chemical composition of Farfarae Flos before and after baked with honey will help improve the quality control of Farfarae Flos and clarify the scientific connotation of Farfarae Flos.Objective: To first establish the specification grades of honey baked Farfarae Flos,to provide a basis for market transactions of honey baked Farfarae Flos.Second,to use metabolomics technology to compare the chemical changes before and after baking with honey,and to screen and identify different components,clarify the chemical difference of baking withhoney.Methods:(1)Establishing the specification grade of honey baked Farfarae Flos: based on the existing indicators of the 2015 Chinese Pharmacopoeia(TLC identification,moisture,ash,leachate,and content of tussilagone),and the established chlorogenic acid content determination method and characteristic chromatogram method,corresponding research on raw Farfarae Flos and honey baked Farfarae Flos,and formulate honey baked Farfarae Flos specifications grade standards.(2)Quick identification of the chemical composition of honey baked Farfarae Flos: Based on UHPLC-Q-Exactive HRMS technology,combined with reference substance,literature liquid quality data,and compound cracking rules,a systematic analysis of raw Farfarae Flos and honey refining was performed to determine the honey baked Farfarae Flos.Based on the chemical composition of raw Farfarae Flos and refining honey,the chemical composition of honey baked Farfarae Flos was further analyzed.(3)Chemical comparison of raw Farfarae Flos and honey baked Farfarae Flos: Based on the multivariate statistical techniques of LC-MS/MS metabolomics,with VIP>1.0 and FC>1.2 or <0.8,the difference compounds before and after baking with honey are screened.The differential compounds were identified based on the qualitative results of mass spectrometry.The differential compounds were analyzed semi-quantitatively by Graph Pad Prism 5.01 software.The trend of the differential compounds was analyzed by the type of compound.Results:(1)The specification grade standard of honey baked Farfarae Flos was preliminarily formulated according to the specification grade standard of raw Farfarae Flos.The contents of total ash,acid-insoluble ash,and tussilagone have significant differences in selected goods and ungraded goods of honey baked Farfarae Flos,and TLC identification,leachate,characteristic chromatogram,chlorogenic acid and other items cannot be used to distinguish selected goods and ungraded goods.Due to the lowcontent of acid-insoluble ash,only the content of tussilagone was included in the specification grade standards of honey baked Farfarae Flos.The final selection criteria for the selected goods and ungraded goods of honey baked Farfarae Flos are: the proportion of net flower buds> 80%,the proportion of non-medicinal parts such as rachis,rhizomes,and other non-medicinal parts?5%,and the content of tussilagone ?0.080%;The proportion of flower buds and flower buds with stems is more than 70%,the proportion of non-medical parts such as rachis,rhizomes,etc.is ?20%,and the content of tussilagone?0.070%.(2)UHPLC-Q-Exactive HRMS method was used to identify a total of113 compounds from raw Farfarae Flos and 42 compounds from refining honey,including 31 common ingredients in raw Farfarae Flos and refining honey,including amino acids and phenylpropanoids;121 compounds were identified from honey baked Farfarae Flos,and it detected 12 compounds derived from refining honey,mainly alkaloids and flavonoids.The ingredients in the refining honey were in addition to abscisic acid,diosmetin and lasiocarpine,the other 9 components can be detected in honey baked Farfarae Flos.(3)Based on UHPLC-Q-Exactive HRMS metabolomics technology,chemical comparisons were made between raw Farfarae Flos and honey baked Farfarae Flos,and 44 compounds were screened by multivariate statistical analysis,36 of which are ingredients of raw Farfarae Flos,and 8components are compounds derived from refining honey.The 33 difference components of raw Farfarae Flos and honey baked Farfarae Flos were the first findings of this study.Conclusion: This article established the specification grade standard of honey baked Farfarae Flos,which lays the foundation for the standardization and rationalization of the market transaction order.UHPLC-Q-Exactive HRMS technology was used to identify the chemical constituents in raw Farfarae Flos,honey baked Farfarae Flos and refining honey.The honeybaked Farfarae Flos have unique chemical components derived from honey,which can be used to identify the authenticity of honey baked Farfarae Flos.Based on UHPLC-Q-Exactive HRMS metabolomics technology,44 different compounds of honey baked Farfarae Flos were screened and identified,which laid the foundation for improving the quality control of honey baked Farfarae Flos and clarifying the scientific connotation of honey baked Farfarae Flos.